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17.1.1 Unicode问题
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17.1.1 Unicode问题
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; FTEL: 8.15pt"><span lang="ES">17.1.1 Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">问题</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一个</span><span lang="ES">Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">字符有</span><span lang="ES">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">位，所以共有</span><span lang="ES">65</span><span lang="ES" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span><span lang="ES">536</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">个</span><span lang="ES">Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">字符。这对于当前在信息技术中使用的所有语言来说够用吗？例如，汉语就需要</span><span lang="ES">80 000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">多个字符。但是，</span><span lang="ES">Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以解决这个问题。使用</span><span lang="ES">Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">必须区分基本字符和组合字符。可以给一个基本字符添加若干个组合字符，组成一个可显示的字符或一个文本元素。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">例如，冰岛的字符</span><span lang="ES">Ogonek</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，就可以使用基本字符</span><span lang="ES">0x006F(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">拉丁小字母</span><span lang="ES">o)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、字符</span><span lang="ES">0x0328(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组合</span><span lang="ES">Ogonek)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</span><span lang="ES">0x0304(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组合</span><span lang="ES">Macron)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">组合而成，如图</span><span lang="ES">17-1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示。组合字符在</span><span lang="ES">0x0300</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">到</span><span lang="ES">0x0345</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">之间定义，对于美国和欧洲市场，预定义的字符可以处理所有的字符。字符</span><span lang="ES">Ogonek</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">也可以用预定义的字符</span><span lang="ES">0x01ED</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">来定义。</span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="ES"><img height="55" src="17/image001.jpg" width="197" alt="" /></span></p>
<p style="FTEL: 8.15pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图</span><span lang="ES"> 17-1</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于亚洲市场，只有汉语需要</span><span lang="ES">80 000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">多个字符，但没有这么多的预定义字符。在亚洲语言中，总是要处理组合字符。其问题在于获取显示字符或文本元素的正确数字，得到基本字符，而不是组合字符。命名空间</span><span lang="ES">System.Globalization</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">提供的类</span><span lang="ES">StringInfo</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可以用于处理这个问题。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表</span><span lang="ES">17-1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">列出了类</span><span lang="ES">StringInfo</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的静态方法，这些方法有助于处理组合字符。</span></p>
<p class="a5" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">表</span><span lang="ES"> 17-1</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">方</span><span lang="ES"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">法</span></p>
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<p class="a2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">说</span><span lang="ES"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">明</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="ES">GetNextTextElement</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">返回指定字符串的第一个文本元素</span><span lang="ES">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基本字符和所有的组合字符</span><span lang="ES">)</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="ES">GetTextElementEnumerator</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">返回一个</span><span lang="ES">TextElementEnumerator</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对象，允许迭代字符串中的所有文本元素</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span lang="ES">ParseCombiningCharacters</span></p>
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<p class="a4" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10.7pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">返回一个整型数组，以引用字符串中的所有基本字符</span></p>
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<p class="a3" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.15pt; FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">提示：</span></p>
<p class="a1" style="FTEL: 21.45pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">一个显示字符可以包含多个</span><span lang="ES">Unicode</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">字符。与这个问题相关的是，如果编写的应用程序要在世界各地销售，就不应使用数据类型</span><span lang="ES">char</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，而应使用</span><span lang="ES">string</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">。</span><span lang="ES">string</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">可以包含由基本字符和组合字符组成的文本元素，但</span><span lang="ES">char</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">不能。</span></p></div>
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