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26.1 SOAP
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C#高级编程（第3版）
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26.1 SOAP
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2006-10-13 14:41:00
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<h1 id="divCurrentNode" style="color: #b83507; width: 100%; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; padding-left: 2px">当前章节:<a href='100165689.htm'><font color='red'>26.1 SOAP</font></a></h1>
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165686.htm'>25.3.2 数据绑定的更多内容</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165687.htm'>25.4 应用程序配置</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165688.htm'>25.5 小结</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165690.htm'>26.2 WSDL</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165691.htm'>26.3 Web服务</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165692.htm'>26.3.1 创建Web服务</a></div></div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务是利用</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>简单对象访问协议，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Simple Object Access Protocol)</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>在</span><span
lang=EN-US>HTTP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>上执行远程方法调用的一种新方法。过去这个问题一直非常棘手，因为过去使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>DCOM(</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>分布式</span><span lang=EN-US>COM)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的人们，在实例化远程服务器上的对象、调用方法和获取结果时感到非常麻烦，并且在进行必要的配置时需要他们具有很高的技巧。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的出现使事情变得简单多了。</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>技术基于</span><span lang=EN-US>XML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的标准，它详细描述了怎样在</span><span lang=EN-US>HTTP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>上以可重复的方式进行方法调用。远程的</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务器能够理解那些调用并执行所有困难的工作，例如实例化所需的对象、进行调用以及给客户返回</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>格式的响应等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>通过</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET
Framework</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，可以非常容易地利用上述的技术。与</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASP.NET</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>一样，我们可以在服务器上使用完整的</span><span
lang=EN-US>C#</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>技术，而且</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>也许是更重要的</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，可以在任何平台上通过</span><span lang=EN-US>HTTP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>轻松访问服务器的</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务。换句话说，</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>代码就可以使用</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务，或者通过</span><span lang=EN-US>Internet</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>控制电冰箱。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>此外，也可以使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>WSDL(Web Service Description Language, Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务描述语言</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>来完整地描述</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务，还可以在运行期间动态地查找</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务。</span><span lang=EN-US>WSDL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>使用带有</span><span lang=EN-US>XML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>模式的</span><span lang=EN-US>XML</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>来提供对所有方法的描述</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>以及对调用方法所需类型的描述</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。现在有各式各样的类型可用于</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务，既有简单的基本类型，又有完整的</span><span lang=EN-US>DataSet</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>对象，这样，完全存储在内存中的数据库就可以被编组到客户，从而大大减少数据库服务器上载入的数据量。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>本章的内容如下：</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>WSDL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的语法，然后讲述如何通过</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务使用</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>WSDL</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>讨论如何显示和使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US>●<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>通过第</span><span lang=EN-US>25</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>章建立的会议登记程序示例，来说明</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务的使用方法。</span></p>
<p class=1 style='margin-left:37.55pt;FTEL:-16.1pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>●<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>如何使用</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标题交换数据</span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:11.4pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:11.4pt;margin-left:
0cm'><a FTEL="_Toc507815256"><span lang=EN-US>26.1 SOAP</span></a></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>如前所述，</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>是一个与</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务交换数据的方法。有关这项技术的书有很多，尤其是微软公司决定在</span><span lang=EN-US>.NET
Framework</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中采用这项技术之后，</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>方面的书就更多了。现在，随着</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>规范的完成，出版</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>技术方面书籍的浪潮正在渐渐消退。稍微考虑一下，可以<span style='letter-spacing:
-.1pt'>发现</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:-.1pt'>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:-.1pt'>的工作原理和</span><span lang=EN-US
style='letter-spacing:-.1pt'>HTTP</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:
-.1pt'>的工作原理比较相似，这非常有趣，但并不是我们最关心的。</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
letter-spacing:.1pt'>大多数情况下，我们不必考虑与</span><span lang=EN-US style='letter-spacing:
.1pt'>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:.1pt'>服务进行交换时所采用的格式，只要得到希望的结果就够</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>了。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>因此，本节不深入探讨</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的技术细节，而是给出一些简单的</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>请求和响应，以便您对</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>有一个感性的认识。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>假定要用下面的语句调用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Web</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务中的方法：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>int
DoSomething(string stringParam, int intParam)</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>这个语句必需的</span><span lang=EN-US>SOAP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>标题和主体如下所示，最上面是</span><span lang=EN-US>Web</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>服务的地址：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>POST /SomeLocation/myWebService.asmx HTTP/1.1</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>Host:
karlivaio</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>Content-Type:
text/xml; charset=utf-8</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>Content-Length:
<i>length</i></span></p>
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