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32.4.1 使用套接字的类库
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32.4.1 使用套接字的类库
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<div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165795.htm'>32.2.3 服务配置程序</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165796.htm'>32.3 System.ServiceProcess命名空间</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165797.htm'>32.4 创建Windows服务</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165799.htm'>32.4.2 TcpClient示例</a></div><div style='float:left;width:49%'>·<a href='100165800.htm'>32.4.3 Windows服务项目</a></div><div style='float:right;width:49%'>·<a href='100165801.htm'>32.4.4 线程和服务</a></div></div>
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<div id="text"> <link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><h3 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;margin-left:
0cm'><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>32.4.1 </span><span
style='font-family:黑体;color:black'>使用套接字的类库</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>可以在服务中建立任何功能，例如扫描文件、进行备份或病毒检查，或者启动</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>.NET Remoting</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;color:black'>服务器。但所有的服务程序总是有一些类似的地方。这种程序必须能启动</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>(</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>并返回给调用者</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>)</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>，能停止和暂停。下面讨论用套接字服务器实现的程序。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>对于</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows
2000 </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows XP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>系统，</span><span lang=EN-US>Simple TCP/IP Services</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>可以安装为</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>组件的一个组成部分。</span><span lang=EN-US>Simple TCP/IP Services</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的一个部分是</span><span lang=EN-US>"quote of the
day" TCP/IP</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>服务器，它的缩写是“</span><span
lang=EN-US>qotd</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>”。这个简单的服务在端口</span><span
lang=EN-US>17</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>处监听，并使用文件</span><span
lang=EN-US><windir>\system32\drivers \etc\quotes</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中的随机消息响应每一个请求。我们将在这里创建一个相似的服务器，它返回一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>Unicode</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>字符串，而不是象“</span><span
lang=EN-US>qotd</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>”服务器那样返回</span><span
lang=EN-US>ASCII</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>代码。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>首先创建一个类库</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>QuoteServer</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>，执行服务器的代码。下面详细解释</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>QuoteServer.cs</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>文件中</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:
black'>QuoteServer</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>类的源代码：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US>using System;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.IO;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Threading;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Net;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Net.Sockets;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Text;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>using
System.Collections.Specialized;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>namespace
Wrox.ProCSharp.WinServices</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public class QuoteServer</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private TcpListener listener;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private int port;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private string filename;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private StringCollection quotes;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private Random random;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
private Thread listenerThread;</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>重载</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>QuoteServer()</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;color:black'>构造函数，把文件名和端口传递给调用程序。只接收文件名的构造函数使用服务器的</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>7890</span><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>默认端口，默认的构造函数把引用的默认文件名定义为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>quotes.txt</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'> </span><span
lang=EN-US>public QuoteServer() : this ("quotes.txt")</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public QuoteServer(string filename) : this(filename, 7890)</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
public QuoteServer(string filename, int port)</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
this.filename = filename;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
this.port = port;</span><span class=MsoCommentReference><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Baskerville BE Regular";display:none;
letter-spacing:.2pt'> </span></span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>ReadQuotes()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>是一个帮助方法，它从构造函数指定的文件中读取所有的引用，所有的引用都被添加给</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>StringCollection</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;color:black'>。此外，创建</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>Random</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>类的一个实例，用于返回随机的引用：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'> </span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US> protected void ReadQuotes()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
quotes = new StringCollection();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
Stream stream = File.OpenRead(filename);</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream);</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
string quote;</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
while ((quote = streamReader.ReadLine()) != null)</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
quotes.Add(quote);</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
streamReader.Close();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
stream.Close();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
random = new Random();</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>另一个帮助方法是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>GetRandomQuoteOfTheDay()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>，它返回</span><span lang=EN-US
style='color:black'>StringCollection</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
color:black'>引用的一个随机引用：</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:8.15pt;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:0cm;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:.0001pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span
lang=EN-US> protected string
GetRandomQuoteOfTheDay()</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
{</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
int index = random.Next(0, quotes.Count);</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
return quotes[index];</span></p>
<p class=2 style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;FTEL:8.15pt;
margin-left:21.45pt;FTEL:18.45pt'><span lang=EN-US>
}</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Start()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>方法中，使用帮助函数</span><span lang=EN-US>ReadQuotes()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，在</span><span lang=EN-US>StringCollection</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>中读取包含引用的完整文件。在新的线程打开之后，它立即调用</span><span lang=EN-US>Listener()</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>方法。这类似于第</span><span lang=EN-US>31</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>章的</span><span lang=EN-US>TcpReceive</span><span
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