📄 avalon_tft_lcd.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二．设计原理：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、系统工作原理：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p><IMG
src="基于Avalon总线的TFT LCD 控制器的设计.files/p1.jpg"></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN
lang=EN-US>1</SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Nios II</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处理器在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中开辟</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">framebuffer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，可以是单缓冲也可以是双缓冲，以单缓冲为例。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Nios II</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处理器将一帧图象数据（</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">640</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">×</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">480</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">×</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">2Bytes</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">RGB565</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">16bit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）存入</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">framebuffer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，然后将</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">framebuffer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的首地址写入到</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">LCD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制器，并启动</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">LCD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制器，该控制器自动从传来的首地址处开始读取图象数据，并按照</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">TFT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的格式输出。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图中各模块由</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Avalon Bus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连接在一起。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Avalon Bus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一种简单的总线结构，在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SOPC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Nios II</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软核处理器和各种外设都通过</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Avalon Bus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连接在一起。由图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以看出，作为</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Slaver</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM Controller</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分别要受到</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Processor </FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">LCD Controller</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的控制，为了解决总线冲突，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Avalon Bus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动在有冲突的接口上加入了</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Arbitrator</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样一个仲裁模块，用于合理分配总线时间</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用户通过改变每个模块的权值来改变对其分配总线时间的多少。在这个系统中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM Controller</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处的冲突是影响整个系统性能的关键。以</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时钟频率为</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">100MHz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">16bit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位宽的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其数据总带宽为</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">200MByte/s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">640*480*2Bytes*60Hz</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">TFT LCD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要占用</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">36MByte/s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右的带宽，这对于还要处理其他任务的处理器来说是很大的影响。解决的办法是另外增加一块</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDRAM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，专门用作</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Frame buffer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这样就可以有效减少对系统总线带宽的占用。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">LCD Controller</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工作原理</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=left><IMG src="基于Avalon总线的TFT LCD 控制器的设计.files/p2.jpg"></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN
lang=EN-US>2</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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