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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=729 height=46
src="./3-4.files/image002.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1609"><![endif]><b><span
style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:navy'>进程控制与描述</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体;
color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc45702468"></a><a name="_Toc39769791"></a><a name="_Toc36947210"><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769791'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702468'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>3.4<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>管理Linux系统进程</span></span></span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验估计时间：</span><span lang=EN-US>90</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分钟</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_背景知识"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>背景知识</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验目的"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验目的</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_工具/准备工作"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工具</span>/<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>准备工作</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验内容与步骤"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验内容与步骤</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc36947211"></a><a name="_Toc39769792"></a><a name="_Toc45702469"></a><a
name="_背景知识"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947211'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769792'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702469'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>背景知识</span></span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><a name="_Toc36947212"><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在本实验中，我们将使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令工作，来标识和控制系统进程。</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统使用进程管理作业，进程由系统或者用户初始化。用户在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>环境下执行的作业大多数都会启动一个进程。进程可以启动或者派生一个子进程，这样创建了一个进程层次结构或者进程树，类似于具有父子关系的文件系统层次结构。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以使用</span><span lang=EN-US>ps (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>进程状态</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令工作，监控系统进程，使用</span><span lang=EN-US>kill</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令终止不想要的进程。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-4.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'></span></p>
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947212'><a name="_Toc39769793"></a><a
name="_Toc45702470"></a><a name="_实验目的"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769793'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702470'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验目的</span></span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>1) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>回顾系统进程的概念，加深对</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux / UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>进程管理的理解。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>2) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>回顾</span><span
lang=EN-US>ps</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令和选项。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>3) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>列出当前</span><span
lang=EN-US>shell</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中的进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>4) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>列出运行在系统中的所有进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>5) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根据命令名搜索特定的进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>6) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>确定一个进程，终止它。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>7) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>kill</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令终止进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>8) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根据用户查找和终止进程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>9) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根据命令名终止进程。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./3-4.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-4.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></a></span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc36947213"></a><a name="_Toc39769794"></a><a name="_Toc45702471"></a><a
name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947213'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769794'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702471'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>工具<span lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>您需要做以下准备：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>1) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>由指导老师分配的登录用户</span><span
lang=EN-US> ID (</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>如</span><span lang=EN-US>user2) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和口令。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US>2) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一台运行</span><span
lang=EN-US>Red Hat Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的计算机。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./3-4.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-4.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></a></span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc36947214"></a><a name="_Toc39769795"></a><a name="_Toc45702472"></a><a
name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947214'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769795'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702472'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.55pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>1</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：登录进入</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>登录框中填写指导老师分配的用户名和口令，登录</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.55pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>2</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：访问命令行。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>单击红帽子，在“</span><span
lang=EN-US>GNOME</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>帮助”菜单中单击“系统工具”</span><span lang=EN-US>-</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“终端”命令，打开“终端”窗口。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.55pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>3</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
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