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mso-char-indent-size:9.0pt;mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:黑体;color:red'>提示</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>：</span></b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>本书的大部分</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt'>Windows</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编程实验需要在计算机系统中安装</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
9.0pt'>Visual C++ 6.0</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的专业版或企业版。<span
style='color:black'>安装</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>Visual C++ </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>时，应根据安装向导的系统提示进行，并注意选择“系统变量”复选框进行注册，否则有可能无法在命令提示符状态下进行操作。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657178"></a><a name=关于Windows></a><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc41657178'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>关于<span
lang=EN-US>Windows系统的兼容性</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>由于众所周知的原因，本书的大多数实验都以</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000 Professional</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为操作平台，希望学生能得益于此而适应未来应用的需要。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1644"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Windows 2000 主页" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:-9.6pt;width:141.75pt;height:33.75pt;
z-index:1;mso-position-horizontal:left'>
<v:imagedata src="./0-3.files/image006.png" o:href="http://www.microsoft.com/china/windows2000/images/bnrWin2000.gif"/>
<w:wrap type="square" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=189 height=45
src="./0-3.files/image007.gif" align=left hspace=12 alt="Windows 2000 主页"
v:shapes="_x0000_s1644"><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>各版本的一致性和</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows XP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>各版本甚至大多数其他版本</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>操作系统之间的兼容性，使本书基于</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的各个实验在</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>环境下具有普遍的适用性。但即使这样，为避免可能存在的问题，我们仍然建议您在实验室和自己的计算机上安装</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000 Professional</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>来完成实验。当然，我们相信，在把本书的实验用于其他</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>环境进行时，也一定为得到很大的收获。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>另一方面，我们也将根据</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统软件的发展和教学与应用的需要，积极修订和丰富本书的内容。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657179"></a><a name=关于Linux></a><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc41657179'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>关于<span
lang=EN-US>Linux系统的兼容性</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1645"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:0;margin-top:8.55pt;width:108pt;height:33.75pt;z-index:2;
mso-position-horizontal:left'>
<v:imagedata src="./0-3.files/image008.png" o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="square" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=144 height=45
src="./0-3.files/image009.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1645"><![endif]><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是一套免费使用和自由传播的类</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>操作系统，它主要基于</span><span lang=EN-US>Intel x86</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系列</span><span lang=EN-US>CPU</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>计算机，并可运行于多种硬件平台。</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>发布的版本很多，其中不乏优秀之作，且发展和更新也极快。我们选择了其中较为著名的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Red Hat Linux 9.0</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>作为本书各个</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实验的操作平台。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt;mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>另一方面，即使用户安装了其他发行版本的</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统，本书的各个</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统的实验也仍然能够正确进行。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657180"></a><a name=关于UNIX></a><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc41657180'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>关于<span
lang=EN-US>UNIX系统的兼容性</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1647"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:0;margin-top:3.95pt;width:85.5pt;height:25.5pt;z-index:3;
mso-position-horizontal:left'>
<v:imagedata src="./0-3.files/image010.png" o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="square" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=114 height=34
src="./0-3.files/image011.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1647"><![endif]><span
lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>无疑是今天最重要的操作系统之一，通过学习和实验真正掌握</span><span
lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统应该是我们的目标。但是，大多数学校和教学机构很难提供足够的</span><span
lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实验环境。另一方面，作为用于</span><span lang=EN-US>PC</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>结构的一个</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>变种，</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>以其高效性和灵活性著称，它能够在</span><span lang=EN-US>PC</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>计算机上实现全部的</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>特性，它同大多数</span><span lang=EN-US>POSIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>SYSTEM V</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>BSD</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>等</span><span
lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统在源码级兼容，</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>甚至可以直接运行</span><span lang=EN-US>SCO</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>SVR3</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>SVR4</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的可执行程序，并且</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>最初的发展理由之一，也是为了提供一个基于</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统的较小的教学环境。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>因此，虽然本书的许多实验是建立在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>环境之下的，但在实验内容的组织上，我们也力图使读者能够透过</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>来把握</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。事实上，其中的大多数</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验也同样可以在</span><span lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>环境中进行。</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a
href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./0-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./0-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></a></span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc41657181"></a><a name="_Toc39768100"></a><a name=实验设备></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657181'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39768100'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>实验设备</span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#实验室设备与环境"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验室设备与环境</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#个人设备与环境"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个人实验设备与环境</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#没有设备"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>没有设备时如何使用本书</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>个人计算机在学生，尤其是专业学生中的普及，使得我们有机会把实验任务分别利用课内和课外时间来完成，以获得更多的锻炼。这样，对实验室和个人计算机的配置就有不同的要求。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657182"></a><a name="_Toc39768101"></a><a name=实验室设备与环境></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657182'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39768101'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>实验室设备与环境</span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用来进行操作系统实验的实验室环境，应该建设有完善的局域网网络，并且能分别胜任</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>Red Hat Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>平台的实验，有条件的话，也能够提供</span><span
lang=EN-US>UNIX</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>平台的实验。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>由于操作系统本身的特殊性，在进行本书的大多数实验练习时，实验室可能会需要建立一组具有超级用户权限的账号和密码，以分别提供给学生进行他们的实验练习，实验室老师也应该注意提醒学生不要滥用自己作为超级用户的权限，以保证实验室实验环境的安全和完好。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657183"></a><a name="_Toc39768102"></a><a name=个人设备与环境></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657183'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39768102'><span
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