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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统运行的观察分析，回顾计算环境的基本术语，加深理解有关操作系统的基础概念，掌握主流操作系统的命令和图形界面，学会在操作系统上的主要系统管理操作。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验三：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>进程控制与描述。通过在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>任务管理器中对程序进程进行响应的管理操作和管理</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>进程的操作，熟悉操作系统进程管理的概念，观察操作系统运行的动态性能，获得包含多进程的应用程序编程经验。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验四：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>并发与调度。通过对事件和互斥体对象以及对文件和文件映射对象的了解，来加深对操作系统进程同步、线程同步的理解；通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>并发程序的调试，学习操作系统并发程序的工作方式。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验五：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>存储管理。通过实验程序的分析与编制，了解操作系统内存的使用和管理；了解操作系统的内存结构和虚拟内存的管理等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验六：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>输入</span><span
lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>输出管理。通过对操作系统鼠标处理、打印等的编程操作，了解操作系统输入</span><span
lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>输出管理和应用程序设计方法；通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>输出重定向和管道操作以及对</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>声音设备的编程，提高设备管理的实际能力。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验七：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统。分析操作系统文件系统的特征，学习优化磁盘子系统，通过使用不同命令来调查和发现文件信息，确定文件类型和创建文件的应用等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>实验八：</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的安全。通过对操作系统提供的安全功能的运用，进一步了解操作系统的网络安全特性和安全措施，学习和掌握操作系统安全特性的设置方法，以及初步了解</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>注册表的应用方法。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>各个实验练习之间的难度不断增加，从这个意义上讲，应该在解决前面部分的练习之后再进行后面实验的练习。如果在做练习时遇到了困难，你可能需要搜索更早的练习来帮助解决问题。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>尽管各个实验练习中包含了对关键概念和知识的简要介绍，但是本书不是教材。如果在做这些练习的同时，学习相关的“操作系统原理”课程，则可以从实验练习中获取更多的知识。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
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<h2><a name="_Toc41657174"></a><a name=实验要求></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657174'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>实验要求</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#致教师"><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>致教师</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#致学生"><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>致学生</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#关于C和VC"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>关于</span>C<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span>Visual C++</a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#关于Windows"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>关于</span>Windows<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统的兼容性</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#关于Linux"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>关于</span>Linux<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统的兼容性</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US><a href="#关于UNIX"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>关于</span>UNIX<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统的兼容性</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt;mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>根据不同的教学安排和要求，“操作系统原理”的实验学时数也有所不同。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657175"></a><a name=致教师></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657175'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>致教师</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的设计和实现是所有其他程序设计和实现的基础。程序员如果能理解操作系统的工作原理，就能够编写出更好的中间件和应用程序。此外，无论是为新设备编写驱动程序、创建新的微内核服务器，还是提供能够高效处理发展需求的新系统等等，都需要理解基本的操作系统原理和技术。通常情况下，“操作系统”课程的教师必须决定其课程是集中于问题和理论，还是为学生提供一个能够对操作系统代码进行实验的环境。“操作系统”课程本身具有的理论抽象性和鲜明的应用性，决定了我们必须充分重视这门课程的实践环节。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>作为一本操作系统内部结构练习的实验手册，本书通过提供一组与</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或者</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux (UNIX) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>内部结构有关的特定的实验练习作为对操作系统理论教材的补充，解释了理论概念是如何在操作系统中得到实现的。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为方便教师对课程实验环节的组织，我们在实验内容的选择，实验步骤的设计和实验文档的组织等诸方面都做了精心的考虑和安排。任课教师不需要成为一位精通操作系统内核的专家或者自己设计练习。相反，教师和学生都可以通过本书提供的实验练习来研究概念的实现。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根据经验，在一个学期中学生能够完成的课程实验大约在</span><span
lang=EN-US>6~8</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>个。本书提供了足够数目的实验练习，教师可以从中选取最适合的一部分。我们也希望有机会不断更新本书的版本，使教师也有不断选择新的、更好的实验的机会。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对于那些基础较好的学生，可以在现有实验的基础上，在程序设计方面做出一些要求和指导，以进一步发挥学生的潜能和激发学习的主动性和积极性。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>每个实验均留有“实验总结”和“教师评价”部分，方便师生交流对学科知识、实验内容的理解与体会，书后提供了“实验成绩记录”，方便老师对学生实验成绩的记录与管理。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657176"></a><a name=致学生></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41657176'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>致学生</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统软件肯定是我们所见到的最优秀、最复杂和最庞大的软件之一，所以，真正领会操作系统课程所介绍的概念、原理、方法和技巧等，是很困难的。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>另一方面，经验表明，学习尤其是真正体会和掌握一种操作系统的最好方式是对它进行充分的实验，去阅读、修改和增强它的代码。但事实上，由于操作系统软件必须细心构建，它直接控制着所有运行于其上的进程和线程所使用的硬件，因而对操作系统代码进行实验操作可能是十分困难甚至是有一定风险的。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>本书为读者提供了一个研究操作系统内核的学习方法，你可以由此来体验操作系统内核及其设计技巧。你可以在不修改任何代码的情况下，了解操作系统内部状态的各个方面；可以通过编写新的代码来阅读内核的数据结构和了解操作系统运作方式。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在开始每一个实验之前，请务必预习各个实验的“知识背景”部分。“知识背景”是教科书的补充和延伸，也和实验内容有着密切的联系。完成实验后，请认真组织“实验总结”，把感受、认识和意见建议等表达出来，这能起到“画龙点睛”的作用，也可以和老师进行积极的交流。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>由于操作系统本身的特殊性，在进行本书的大多数实验练习时，你可能会需要从实验室管理员那里得到超级用户的权限</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>账号和口令</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，请注意不要滥用你作为超级用户的权限。</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc41657177"></a><a name=关于C和VC></a><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc41657177'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:#333399'>关于<span
lang=EN-US>C和Visual C++</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_s1650" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Microsoft(R) Visual C++(R) Home"
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width:141.75pt;height:34pt;z-index:5;mso-position-horizontal:left'>
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<w:wrap type="square" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=189 height=45
src="./0-3.files/image005.gif" align=left hspace=12
alt="Microsoft(R) Visual C++(R) Home" v:shapes="_x0000_s1650"><![endif]><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>虽然为了完成这些实验通常不必编写太多程序，但是，读者将需要复习课程的相关章节、阅读实验的“背景知识”和分析实验所提供的程序源代码。另外，操作系统内核或实验源程序通常是由</span><span
lang=EN-US>C</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++ </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编写而成的，实验讨论中包括许多代码段，在代码段中也包括了一些注释以帮助读者理解。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在研究本书各实验之前，读者需要具有较好的</span><span
lang=EN-US>C</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++ </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>基础。当然，通过这组实验，也一定能够很好地提高读者的</span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的理解能力和开发水平。</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++ </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>MFC (Microsoft</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>基础类库</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使编制与操作系统底层打交道的、功能强大的应用程序的难度大大下降，开发人员不用再为设计某个程序界面而编写大量代码，从而把注意力集中在应用程序功能的优化上。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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