3-3.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

"Times New Roman"'>结构中返回的句柄调用</span><span lang=EN-US>CloseHandle() API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数是重要的，因为如果不将这些句柄关闭的话，有可能危及主创进程终止之前的任何未释放的资源。</span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_2._正在运行的进程"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2. 正在运行的进程<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果一个进程拥有至少一个执行线程，则为正在系统中运行的进程。通常，这种进程使用主线程来指示它的存在。当主线程结束时，调用</span><span
lang=EN-US>ExitProcess() API</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>函数，通知系统终止它所拥有的所有正在运行、准备运行或正在挂起的其他线程。当进程正在运行时，可以查看它的许多特性，其中少数特性也允许加以修改。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>首先可查看的进程特性是系统进程标识符</span><span lang=EN-US> (PID) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，可利用</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetCurrentProcessId() API</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数来查看，与</span><span lang=EN-US>GetCurrentProcess()
</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>相似，对该函数的调用不能失败，但返回的</span><span
lang=EN-US>PID</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在整个系统中都可使用。其他的可显示当前进程信息的</span><span lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数还有</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetStartupInfo()</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>GetProcessShutdownParameters() </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，可给出进程存活期内的配置详情。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通常，一个进程需要它的运行期环境的信息。例如</span><span lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetModuleFileName() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>GetCommandLine() </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，可以给出用在</span><span
lang=EN-US>CreateProcess() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中的参数以启动应用程序。在创建应用程序时可使用的另一个</span><span lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数是</span><span
lang=EN-US>IsDebuggerPresent() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可利用</span><span lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetGuiResources() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>来查看进程的</span><span lang=EN-US>GUI</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>资源。此函数既可返回指定进程中的打开的</span><span
lang=EN-US>GUI</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对象的数目，也可返回指定进程中打开的</span><span lang=EN-US>USER</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对象的数目。进程的其他性能信息可通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetProcessIoCounters()</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>GetProcessPriorityBoost() </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetProcessTimes() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>GetProcessWorkingSetSize() API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>得到。以上这几个</span><span
lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>函数都只需要具有</span><span lang=EN-US>PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>访问权限的指向所感兴趣进程的句柄。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>另一个可用于进程信息查询的</span><span lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数是</span><span
lang=EN-US>GetProcessVersion() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。此函数只需感兴趣进程的</span><span lang=EN-US>PID (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>进程标识号</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。本实验程序清单</span><span lang=EN-US>3-6</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中列出了这一</span><span
lang=EN-US>API</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>函数与</span><span lang=EN-US>GetVersionEx() </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的共同作用，可确定运行进程的系统的版本号。</span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_3._终止进程"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3. 终止进程<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>所有进程都是以调用</span><span lang=EN-US>ExitProcess() </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或者</span><span
lang=EN-US>TerminateProcess() </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>函数结束的。但最好使用前者而不要使用后者，因为进程是在完成了它的所有的关闭“职责”之后以正常的终止方式来调用前者的。而外部进程通常调用后者即突然终止进程的进行，由于关闭时的途径不太正常，有可能引起错误的行为。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>TerminateProcess() API</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>函数只要打开带有</span><span lang=EN-US>PROCESS_TERMINATE</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>访问权的进程对象，就可以终止进程，并向系统返回指定的代码。这是一种“野蛮”的终止进程的方式，但是有时却是需要的。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果开发人员确实有机会来设计“谋杀”</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>终止别的进程的进程</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和“受害”进程</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>被终止的进程</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>时，应该创建一个进程间通讯的内核对象——如一个互斥程序——这样一来，“受害”进程只在等待或周期性地测试它是否应该终止。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc45702463"></a><a
name="_Toc39769786"></a><a name="_实验目的"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702463'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769786'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验目的</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通过创建进程、观察正在运行的进程和终止进程的程序设计和调试操作，进一步熟悉操作系统的进程概念，理解</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>进程的“一生”。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通过阅读和分析实验程序，学习创建进程、观察进程和终止进程的程序设计方法。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc45702464"></a><a
name="_Toc39769787"></a><a name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702464'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769787'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>工具<span
lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>需要做以下准备：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一台运行</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000 Professional</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的计算机。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>计算机中需安装</span><span lang=EN-US>Visual C++ 6.0</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>专业版或企业版。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./3-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc45702465"></a><a
name="_Toc39769788"></a><a name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702465'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769788'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_1._创建进程_1"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>1. </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font