7-2.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

lang=EN-US>Ctrl + C</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>不起作用，可试试</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl + D</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。例如：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>shell</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>提示符下键入</span><span
lang=EN-US>bc</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，启动基本的计算器工具程序。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>把两个数字相乘</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>键入：</span><span
lang=EN-US>458*</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>594</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>，</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>然后按回车键</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>3) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>按</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>Ctrl
+ D</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>退出计算器。</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>当使用计算器的时候</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>，你</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的提示符是什么</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>？</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR
style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>____________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>Ctrl + U&nbsp;</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>：</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>擦除整个命令行。</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>Ctrl + U</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>最常用在</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>：</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR
style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>·</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-ansi-language:FR'> </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一个擦除决定不执行的命令行的快捷方式。</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>·</span> </span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果登录到一个远程系统，退格键不起作用。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>·</span> </span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>它可以确保在登录的时候，从一个“空”的用户帐号和口令输入开始。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>·</span> </span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>因为在口令输入的时候看不见它们，当知道自己键入了错误字符的时候，使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl
+ U</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>擦除密码，重新开始输入。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果输入一个命令，如</span><span lang=EN-US>ls –R/</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，有时候，会在按下回车键之前想擦除命令行。输入一个命令，在接下回车键执行命令之前按下</span><span
lang=EN-US>Ctrl + U</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。结果是什么？</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>____________________________________________________________________</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>4</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>file</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令确定文件类型。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统中可以找到许多类型的文件。文件类型可以通过使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>file</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令来确定。当一个用户试图打开或阅读一个文件的时候，这个信息很重要。确定文件类型可以帮助一个用户决定使用哪个程序或命令来打开这个文件。这个命令的输出最常见的是如下几种：文本文件、可执行文件或数据文件。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文本文件：包括</span><span lang=EN-US>ASCII</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或英语文本、命令文本和可执行的</span><span
lang=EN-US>shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>脚本。这种类型的文件可以使用</span><span lang=EN-US>cat</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span
lang=EN-US>more</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令读取，可以使用</span><span lang=EN-US>vi</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或其他文本编辑器编辑。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击红帽子，在“</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>帮助”菜单中单击“辅助设施”</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span lang=EN-US>Text Editor</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”命令，在文本编辑中键入适当内容并保存为</span><span
lang=EN-US>test</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>file</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令来确定</span><span
lang=EN-US>test</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件的文件类型。它是哪种类型的文件？</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>____________________________________________________________________</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可执行</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或二进制</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件：包括</span><span lang=EN-US>32</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>位的可执行文件和可扩展链接格式</span><span
lang=EN-US>(ELF) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>编码文件，和其他动态链接的可执行文件。这种文件类型表示这个文件是一个命令或程序。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击红帽子，在“</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>帮助”菜单中单击“办公”</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“</span><span lang=EN-US>OpenOffice.org Writer</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”命令，建立一个文档如</span><span
lang=EN-US>ww.sxw</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>file</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令确定你所建立的文件类型。它是哪种类型的文件？</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>注意文件名部分必须包括扩展名，如</span><span lang=EN-US>file ww.sxw </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>____________________________________________________________________</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>3) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>数据文件：数据文件是由系统中