7-2.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>head</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>tail</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>命令显示文本文件的部分内容；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>5) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>wc</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令确定单词、行和字符数；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>6) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>diff</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令比较</span><span
lang=EN-US>2</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个文件。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>7) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>回顾文件和目录命名约定；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>8) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>touch</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令创建新文件；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>9) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>mkdir</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令创建新目录；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>10) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>rm</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令删除文件；</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>11) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>rm -r</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令删除目录。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="7-2.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="7-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc38471888"></a><a
name="_Toc45735543"></a><a name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45735543'>工具<span lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>您需要做以下准备：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>由指导老师分配的登录用户帐号</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>如</span><span
lang=EN-US>user2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和口令。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一台运行</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的计算机。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="7-2.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="7-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc38471889"></a><a
name="_Toc45735544"></a><a name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471889'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45735544'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_1._文件信息命令"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>1. </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件信息命令</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_2._基本的命令行文件管理"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2. </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>基本的命令行文件管理</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_1._文件信息命令"></a><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1. 文件信息命令</span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>1</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：开机，登录进入</span><span
lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>登录框中填写指导老师分配的用户名和口令并登录。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>2</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：访问命令行。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击红帽子，在“</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>帮助”菜单中单击“系统工具”</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“终端”命令，打开终端窗口。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>3</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：使用控制字符执行特殊功能。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>控制字符用来执行特殊的作业，如中止和启动屏幕输出。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>大多数</span><span lang=EN-US>PC</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>键盘有两个控制键。它们通常标记为</span><span
lang=EN-US>Ctr1</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，可以在键盘的左右下角找到。为了输入一个控制字符序列，可按住</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>键不放，然后按下键盘上相应的字符。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>Ctrl + C</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：中断当前活动。当你在</span><span lang=EN-US>csh</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中键入一个不可识别的命令行</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>例如，</span><span lang=EN-US>$ls “) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，收到第</span><span
lang=EN-US>2</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个提示符的时候，</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl + C</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>也可以用于恢复</span><span
lang=EN-US>shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提示符。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>Ctrl + Z</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：终止当前活动。显示</span><span lang=EN-US>ls</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令的手册页面</span><span
lang=EN-US> (man ls) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，然后使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl -z</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中止输出。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>当你接下</span><span lang=EN-US>Ctrl + Z</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的时候，发生了什么事情？</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>____________________________________________________________________</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>Ctrl + D</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：表示文件的末尾或者退出。</span><span lang=EN-US> Ctrl + D</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用于退出一些</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工具程序</span><span lang=EN-US> (bc</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>write</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>等</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，退出一个终端窗口，注销一个终端会话或者命令行登录会话。作为一个一般的规则，当您出现“死机”时，或者如果</span><span