📄 6-3.htm
字号:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令或者一个文件处理命令，如</span><span
lang=EN-US>grep</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>sort) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。必须在管道的每边都有一个命令，命令和管道之间的空格是可选的。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>管道命令的格式是</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>：</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>command | command<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="6-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="6-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc41901937"></a><a
name="_实验目的"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41901937'>实验目的</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41901937'></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>通过重定向和管道操作</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>：</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>熟悉输入</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>/</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>输出</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>
(I/O) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>重定向</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR'>；</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>把标准输出重定向创建一个文件</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>；</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=FR
style='mso-ansi-language:FR'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>3) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>防止使用重定向的时候覆盖文件；</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>4) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>把输出追加到一个现有的文件中；</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>5) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>把一个命令的输出导入到另一个命令中。</span></span><a href="#_top"><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="6-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="6-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc41901938"></a><a
name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41901938'>工具<span lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>您需要做以下准备：</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>由指导老师分配的登录用户名</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>如</span><span
lang=EN-US>user2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和口令。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一台运行</span><span lang=EN-US>Red Hat Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统，带有</span><span
lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的计算机。</span></span><a href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
<v:imagedata src="6-3.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="6-3.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc41901939"></a><a
name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc41901939'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US> </span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_1._使用重定向标准输出符号"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1. </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用重定向标准输出符号</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_2._使用管道符号"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>2. </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用管道符号</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在本实验中将会用到下列命令：</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>pwd</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>显示当前的工作路径。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>cd</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>改变目录路径。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>ls</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>显示指定目录的内容。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>more</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>分页显示文件的内容。这是用于显示文本文件的首选方法。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>head</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>截取显示文件的开头部分</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>默认为开头</span><span lang=EN-US>10</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>行</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>tail</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>截取显示文件的结尾部分</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>默认为最后</span><span lang=EN-US>10</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>行</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>cal</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>有关日历的命令。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>set</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>shell</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>特性的设置。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>echo</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>显示变量的值。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>ps</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span></span><span
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