📄 2-3.htm
字号:
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1609" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;width:546.85pt;height:34.15pt;
z-index:-1;mso-wrap-edited:f;mso-position-horizontal:left;
mso-position-vertical:top;mso-position-vertical-relative:line' wrapcoords="-26 0 -26 21176 21600 21176 21600 0 -26 0"
o:allowoverlap="f">
<v:imagedata src="./2-3.files/image001.jpg" o:title="image_bk"/>
<w:wrap type="square" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=729 height=46
src="./2-3.files/image002.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1609"><![endif]><b><span
style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:navy'>操作系统环境</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体;
color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc36437040"></a><a name="_Toc45766665"><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc36437040'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>2.3<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>访问</span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45766665'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437040'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Linux</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45766665'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437040'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>系统</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验估计时间：</span><span lang=EN-US>90</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分钟</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_背景知识"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>背景知识</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验目的"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验目的</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_工具/准备工作"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工具</span>/<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>准备工作</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验内容与步骤"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验内容与步骤</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_可选练习_(Linux的常用命令)"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可选练习</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc45766666"></a><a name="_Toc36437041"></a><a name="_背景知识"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45766666'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437041'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>背景知识</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_1._登录Linux和使用GNOME">1. <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>登录</span>Linux<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统和使用</span>GNOME</a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_2._Linux系统的Shell">2. Linux<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统的</span>Shell</a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_3._Linux系统的文件、目录和权限">3. Linux<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统的文件、目录和权限</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_4._Linux文件系统">4. Linux<span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是一个与</span><span lang=EN-US>DOS</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>完全不同的操作环境，具有它自己独特的风格。</span></p>
<h4><a name="_1._登录Linux和使用GNOME"></a><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1. 登录Linux和使用GNOME<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在本实验中，我们首先回顾</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>登录</span><span lang=EN-US>ID</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和口令的要求，使用标准</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图形用户界面</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>练习登录</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统，并学习修改登录口令。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>接着，将学习</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>GNOME</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>的使用。</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是优秀的</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>桌面平台，也是目前</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>各版本中使用的对国际化支持最好的桌面平台。使用</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>需要熟悉面板，练习使用鼠标和键盘管理视窗；还需要练习工作空间的切换和使用工作空间菜单。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>然后通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统的</span><span lang=EN-US>Shell</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件、目录和权限等诸方面来掌握</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统管理的有关知识。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>最后，退出</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'> (</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>或者注销</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'>)
</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>并返回</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:black'>Linux</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>登录界面。</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><a name="_Toc36437042"></a><a name="_2._Linux系统的Shell"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>2. Linux系统的Shell<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统时，用户多数时间是通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>Shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>与系统进行对话的。</span><span lang=EN-US>Shell</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是一个接收用户输入命令并将其转换成指令的程序，它是用户与</span><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统之间的界面之一。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统中可以使用的</span><span lang=EN-US>Shell</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>包括：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<div align=center>
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:21.85pt;
border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0'>
<td width=56 valign=top style='width:42.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:黑体'>bash：<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'></span>
<td width=432 valign=top style='width:323.8pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span lang=EN-US>Bourne
Again Shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。这是</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统上最常用的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，它合乎</span><span lang=EN-US>POSIX</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>标准且相容于</span><span
lang=EN-US>Bourne Shell</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437042'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，是</span><span lang=EN-US>GNU</span></span><span
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -