5-1.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

"Times New Roman"'>分配到未分页内存池的主内存数量取决于服务器拥有的物理内存数量以及进程对系统上的内存地空间的需求。不过，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将未分页合并内存限制为</span><span lang=EN-US>256MB (</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows NT 4</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中的限制为</span><span lang=EN-US>128MB) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。根据系统中的物理内存数量，复杂的算法在启动时动态确定</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>系统上的未分页合并内存的最大数量。</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>内部的这一自我调节机制可以根据当前的内存配置自动调整大小。例如，如果增加或减少系统中的内存数量，那么</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将自动调整未分页合并内存的大小，以反映这一更改。</span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><a name="_4._提高分页性能"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4.
提高分页性能<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>只有一个物理硬盘驱动器的系统限制了优化分页性能的能力。驱动器必须处理系统和应用程序的请求以及对分页文件的访问。虽然物理驱动器可能有多个分区，但是将分页文件分布到多个分区的分页文件并不能提高硬盘驱动器的能力。只有当一个分区没有足够的空间来包含整个分页文件时，才将分页文件放在同一个硬盘的多个分区上。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>拥有多个物理驱动器的服务器可以使用多个分页文件来提高分页性能。关键是将分页请求的负载分布到多个物理硬盘上。实际上，使用独立物理驱动器上的分页文件，系统可以同时处理多个分页请求。各个物理驱动器可以同时访问它自己的分页文件并写入信息，这将增加可以传输的信息量。多个分页文件的最佳配置是将各个分页文件放在拥有自己的控制器的独立驱动器上。不过，由于额外的费用并且系统上的可用中断很有限，因此对于大多数基于服务器的配置来说，这可能是不切实际的解决方案。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分页文件最重要的配置参数是大小。无论系统中有多少个分页文件，如果它们的大小不合适，那么系统就可能遇到性能问题。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果初始值太小，那么系统可能必须扩大分页文件，以补偿额外的分页活动。当系统临时增加分页文件时，它必须在处理分页请求的同时创建新的空间。这时，系统将出现大量的页面错误，甚至可能出现系统失效。当系统必须在进程的工作区外部</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在物理内存或分页文件中的其他位置</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>查找信息时，就会出现页面错误。当系统缺乏存储资源</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>物理内存及虚拟内存</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>来满足使用需求，从而遇到过多的分页时，就会出现系统失效。系统将花更多的时间来分页而不是执行应用程序。当系统失效时，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Memory</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span lang=EN-US>Pages/see</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>计数器将持续高于每秒</span><span
lang=EN-US>100</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>页。系统失效严重降低了系统的性能。此外，动态扩展分页文件将导致碎片化。分页文件将散布在整个磁盘上而不是在启动时的连续空间中创建，从而增加了系统的开销，并导致系统性能降低。因此，应该尽量避免系统增加分页文件的大小。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<div align=center>

<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:5.35pt;
 border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
 <tr style='height:77.4pt;mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
  <td width=511 style='width:383.3pt;border:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
  height:77.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:18.05pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
  mso-char-indent-size:9.0pt;mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
  _Toc39798103'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:黑体;color:red'>提示：<span
  lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
  mso-char-indent-size:9.0pt;mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
  _Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>1) </span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>NTFS</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>驱动器上，总是至少保留</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>25</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>％的空闲驱动器空间，以确保可以在连续的空间中创建分页文件。</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
  mso-char-indent-size:9.0pt;mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
  _Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>2) Windows 2000</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用内存数量的</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>1.5</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>倍作为分页文件的最小容量，这个最小容量的两倍作为最大容量。它减少了系统因为错误配置的分页文件而崩溃的可能性。系统在崩溃之后能够将内存转储写入磁盘，所以系统分区必须有一个至少等于物理内存数量加上</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>1</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
  宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的分页文件。</span></span><span
  style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
  </td>
  <span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'></span>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><a name="_Toc45715731"></a><a
name="_实验目的"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45715731'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验目的</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>通过对</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“任务管理器”、“计算机管理”、“我的电脑”属性、“系统信息”、“系统监视器”等程序的应用，学习提高</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>内存的性能，，加深理解</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的内存管理功能，理解操作系统存储管理、虚拟存储管理的知识。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
 style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></a></span></p>

<h3><a name="_Toc45715732"></a><a name="_Toc39798104"></a><a name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45715732'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798104'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>工具<span lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>需要准备一台运行</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000 Professional</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的计算机。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:blue'><a href="#_top"><span style='text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
 style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="./5-1.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></a></span></p>

<h3><a name="_Toc45715733"></a><a name="_Toc39798105"></a><a name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45715733'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798105'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>判断和维护</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的内存性能有许多方法。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>1</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：阅读“背景知识”，请回答：</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>1) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>什么是“分页过程”？</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US>____________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>2) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>什么是“内存共享”？</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US>____________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>3) </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>什么是“未分页合并内存”和“分页合并内存”？</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，未分页合并内存的最大限制是多少？</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US>____________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>4) Windows 2000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分页文件默认设置的最小容量和最大容量是多少？</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US>____________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>________________________________________________________________________</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>2</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：登录进入</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows
2000 Professional</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>3</span></b><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";