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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#993366'>实验</span></b><b><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:55.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:#993366'>5</span></i><span lang=EN-US
style='color:#993366'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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src="./5-1.files/image002.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1616"><![endif]><b><span
style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:navy'>存储管理</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体;
color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc39798101"></a><a name="_Toc45715729"><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc39798101'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>5.1<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>提高Windows 2000内存性能</span></span></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验估计时间：</span><span lang=EN-US>60</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分钟</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_背景知识"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>背景知识</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验目的"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验目的</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_工具/准备工作"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工具</span>/<span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>准备工作</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><b><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_实验内容与步骤"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验内容与步骤</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc45715730"></a><a name="_Toc39798102"></a><a name="_背景知识"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45715730'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798102'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>背景知识</span></span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_1._分页过程">1. <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分页过程</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_2._内存共享">2. <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>内存共享</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_3._未分页合并内存与分页合并内存">3. <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>未分页合并内存与分页合并内存</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_4._提高分页性能">4. <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提高分页性能</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><a name="_Toc39798103"><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>耗尽内存是</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统中最常见的问题之一。当系统耗尽内存时，所有进程对内存的总需求超出了系统的物理内存总量。随后，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>必须借助它的虚拟内存来维持系统和进程的运行。虚拟内存机制是</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows
2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的重要组成部分，但它的速度比物理内存慢得多，因此，应该尽量避免耗尽物理内存资源，以免导致性能下降。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>解决内存不足问题的一个有效的方法就是添加更多的内存。但是，一旦提供了更多的内存，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>很可以会立即“吞食”。而事实上，添加更多的内存并非总是可行的，也可能只是推迟了实际问题的发生。因此，应该相信，优化所拥有的内存是非常关键的。</span></span></p>
<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><a name="_1._分页过程"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>1.
分页过程<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>当</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>求助于硬盘以获得虚拟内存时，这个过程被称为分页</span><span
lang=EN-US> (paging) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。分页就是将信息从主内存移动到磁盘进行临时存储的过程。应用程序将物理内存和虚拟内存视为一个独立的实体，甚至不知道</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用了两种内存方案，而认为系统拥有比实际内存更多的内存。例如，系统的内存数量可能只有</span><span
lang=EN-US>16MB</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，但每一个应用程序仍然认为有</span><span lang=EN-US>4GB</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>内存可供使用。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用分页方案带来了很多好处，不过这是有代价的。当进程需要已经交换到硬盘上的代码或数据时，系统要将数据送回物理内存，并在必要时将其他信息传输到硬盘上，而硬盘与物理内存在性能上的差异极大。例如，硬盘的访问时间通常大约为</span><span
lang=EN-US>4-10</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>毫秒，而物理内存的访问时间为</span><span lang=EN-US>60 us</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，甚至更快。</span></span></p>
<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><a name="_2._内存共享"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>2.
内存共享<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>应用程序经常需要彼此通信和共享信息。为了提供这种能力，</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows
2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>必须允许访问某些内存空间而不危及它和其他应用程序的安全性和完整性。从性能的角度来看，共享内存的能力大大减少了应用程序使用的内存数量。运行一个应用程序的多个副本时，每一个实例都可以使用相同的代码和数据，这意味着不必维护所加载应用程序代码的单独副本并使用相同的内存资源。无论正在运行多少个应用程序实例，充分支持应用程序代码所需求的内存数量都相对保持不变。</span></span></p>
<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><a name="_3._未分页合并内存与分页合并内存"></a><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>3.
未分页合并内存与分页合并内存<o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>决定了系统内存组件哪些可以以及哪些不可以交换到磁盘上。显然，不应该将某些代码</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>例如内核</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>交换出主内存。因此，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将系统使用的内存进一步划分为未分页合并内存和分页合并内存。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分页合并内存是存储迟早需要的可分页代码或数据的内存部分。虽然可以将分页合并内存中的任何系统进程交换到磁盘上，但是它临时存储在主内存的这一部分，以防系统立刻需要它。在将系统进程交换到磁盘上之前，</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>会交换其他进程。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>未分页合并内存包含必须驻留在内存中的占用代码或数据。这种结构类似于早期的</span><span lang=EN-US>MS-DOS</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>程序使用的结构，在</span><span
lang=EN-US>MS-DOS</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>中，相对较小的终止并驻留程序</span><span lang=EN-US> (Terminate and Stay
Resident</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>TSR) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在启动时加载到内存中。这些程序在系统重新启动或关闭之前一直驻留在内存的特定部分中。例如，防病毒程序将加载为</span><span
lang=EN-US>TSR</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>程序，以预防可能的病毒袭击。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>未分页合并内存中包含的进程保留在主内存中，并且不能交换到磁盘上。物理内存的这个部分用于内核模式操作（例如，驱动程序）和必须保留在主内存中才能有效工作的其他进程。没有主内存的这个部分，内核组件就将是可分页的，系统本身就有变得不稳定的危险。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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