8-2.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

src="8-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471887'></span></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471887'><a
name="_Toc45739244"></a><a name="_实验目的"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45739244'>实验目的</span></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>确定文件系统权限：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>显示文件系统权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>解释权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>3) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>确定文件的用户权限、<span class=GramE>属组权限</span>或其他</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>公共</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>4) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>确定对于一个可执行文件的文件权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>5) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用默认权限创建一个文件或目录。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>从命令行中修改权限：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用文件系统来控制安全访问。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>回顾</span><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US>chmod</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令模式。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>3) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用符号模式修改文件或目录的权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>4) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>确定八进制模式权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>5) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用八进制模式修改文件或目录的权限。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>6) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>vi</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>编辑器创建一个脚本文件，并且使它可执行。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用文件管理器修改权限：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a
name="_Toc38471888"><span lang=EN-US>1) </span></a></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>访问文件管理器，使用文件和目录权限工作；</span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span lang=EN-US>2) </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用文件管理器确定文件或文件夹的权限；</span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span lang=EN-US>3) </span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用文件管理器修改文件或文件夹的权限。</span></span></span><a href="#_top"><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><span
lang=EN-US style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="8-2.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="8-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'></span></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471888'><a
name="_Toc45739245"></a><a name="_工具/准备工作"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45739245'>工具<span
lang=EN-US>/准备工作</span></span></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在开始本实验之前，请回顾教科书的相关内容。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>您需要做以下准备：</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>由指导老师分配的登录用户<span class=GramE>帐号</span></span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如</span><span lang=EN-US>user2) </span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和口令。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一台运行</span><span lang=EN-US>Linux</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统的计算机。</span></span><a
href="#_top"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US
style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:17.25pt'>
 <v:imagedata src="8-2.files/image003.gif" o:title="02"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=23
src="8-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc45739246"></a><a
name="_Toc38471889"></a><a name="_实验内容与步骤"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45739246'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471889'>实验内容与步骤</span></span></span></h3>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_1._确定文件系统权限及在命令行中修改权限"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>1. </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>确定文件系统权限及在命令行中修改权限</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span><a
href="#_2._使用文件管理器修改权限"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
lang=EN-US>2. </span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用文件管理器修改权限</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_1._确定文件系统权限及在命令行中修改权限"></a><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1. 确定文件系统权限及在命令行中修改权限</span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>1</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：开机，登录进入</span><span
lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>登录框中填写指导老师分配的用户名和口令并登录。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>2</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：访问命令行。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>单击红帽子，在“</span><span lang=EN-US>GNOME</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>帮助”菜单中单击“系统工具”</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“终端”命令，打开终端窗口。</span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a
name="_Toc38471890"><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>步骤</span></b></a></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>3</span></b></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：显示权限。</span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>权限控制着谁能够对文件系统中的文件和目录做什么。目录和文件权限可以使用带</span><span
lang=EN-US> –l (</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>长列表</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>选项的</span><span
lang=EN-US>ls (</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>列表</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令来确定。</span><span
lang=EN-US>ls -l</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>命令显示目录内容的长列表。如果同时给出</span><span
lang=EN-US> -a</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>选项，则所有文件，包括隐藏文件和目录</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>那些以圆点打头的</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc38471890'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>都<span class=GramE>被显示</span>出来。</span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span