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📁 计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验
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  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;
  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
  mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>硬件配置信息</span><span
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  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
  mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件关联和</span><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>OLE</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
  font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>HKEY_CURRENT_USER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;
  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
  mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>关于当前登录用户的信息，例如桌面设置和网络连接</span><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>HKEY_USERS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;
  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
  mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>本地用户账号信息。每个用户的信息都存储在单独的子键中</span><span
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  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;
  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;
  mso-char-indent-size:9pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
  mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>系统配置信息和参数，例如硬件、软件和安全设置</span><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>注册表根键是在</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统中硬编码的，不能删除它们，也不能向注册表添加另一个根键，而其中的信息被划分为根键下面的类别。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>1) HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>包含在系统上安装的硬件设备和软件的信息，包括总线类型、系统内存、设备驱动程序以及启动参数。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>下面一个级别包含</span><span lang=EN-US>5</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个子键：</span><span lang=EN-US>HARDWARE</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=EN-US>SAM</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>SECURITY</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>SOFTWARE</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>SYSTEM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>这个子键包含根键的所有硬件信息。因为在系统关闭时会丢弃它的信息，并在重新启动计算机时重建，所以它是一个易变的子键。</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTDETECT.COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>负责收集硬件特征，并将这些信息传递给这个子键。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>NTDETECT.COM</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以检测如下硬件组件：总线类型、适配器类型、通信端口、键盘、鼠标、视频、软盘。然后，信息将传递到</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>下面的子键，例如：</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>·</span><span
lang=EN-US> HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：接收</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTDETECT.COM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>收集的硬件说明信息。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>·</span><span
lang=EN-US> HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：包含设备到设备驱动程序的映射。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>·</span><span
lang=EN-US> HARDWARE\RESOURCEMAP</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：包含设备使用的资源映射，例如物理内存范围和中断。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>这个子键是灰色的</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在默认情况下，这个子键包含的信息是不可读的</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。这个子键包含敏感的账号信息，例如用户密码和域关联等。这个子键直接链接到</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>子键。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>与</span><span lang=EN-US>SAM</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>子键一样，在默认情况下，这个子键中的信息因安全考虑而不能访问。这个子键定义了用户和组权限，并且包括关于是否安装设备驱动程序、添加打印机、安装应用程序等的信息。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>这个子键存储了应用程序特有的信息，例如可执行程序的路径和许可信息。这个子键中的应用程序设置是在全局应用的，因为对于登录到计算机上的每一个用户，</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>都是相同的。这与</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software</span><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>设置不同，因为那些设置适用于单个用户账号，例如，因为一个用户可能执行与另一个用户完全不同的应用程序，所以应用程序设置不是在系统范围内应用的。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在这个键中，还可以找到与</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统有关的信息。</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>包含</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>操作系统信息，例如版本号以及实际的％</span><span lang=EN-US>SYSTEMROOT</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>％目录路径。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>这个子键对</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>非常重要，因为它包含了以前的控制集、当前的控制集、</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows
2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>安装以及“磁盘管理”管理单元的磁盘等的详细信息。当“磁盘管理”管理单元提示写入磁盘签名时，像驱动器名和</span><span
lang=EN-US>RAID</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>设置这样的信息就存储在</span><span lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_
MACHINE\SYSTEM</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>子键中。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>当前控制集对于</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的操作是非常重要的，它定义了系统使用的配置文件。</span><span
lang=EN-US>CurrentControlSet</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>下面的子键提供了在计算机上运行的服务的详细信息、计算机名称、在系统崩溃时的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作指令</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>例如，是否重新引导、生成崩溃转储等</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以及注册表信息文件的目录路径。以前的控制集用于额外的硬件配置文件以及“最后一次正确的配置”配置文件。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>2) HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ Classes</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>HKEY_CURRENT_USER \Software\Classes</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>子键的别名，它存储文件关联、快捷方式、</span><span
lang=EN-US>OLE</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>等的信息。每一个注册的文件扩展名都有它自己的键，该键包含一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>REG_SZ</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>值，实际上指向了使用指定的文件扩展名将要启动的应用程序。例如，从“</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>资源管理器”中双击带</span><span
lang=EN-US> .TXT</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>扩展名的文件名时，这种扩展名的“记事本”关联将启动“记事本”来读这个文件。大多数系统都有许多已经注册的应用程序。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US>3) HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>这个根键主要用于保持</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 9x</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman
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