📄 3-2.htm
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<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><a name="_top"></a><b><span
style='font-size:26.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#993366'>实验</span></b><b><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:55.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:#993366'>3</span></i><span lang=EN-US
style='color:#993366'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=729 height=46
src="./3-2.files/image002.jpg" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1609"><![endif]><b><span
style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:黑体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:navy'>进程控制与描述</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:黑体;
color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc36437026"></a><a name="_Toc36947203"></a><a name="_Toc39769777"></a><a
name="_Toc45702454"></a><a name="_Toc16587483"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702454'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769777'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947203'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437026'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'>3.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Windows 2000</span></span></span></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702454'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769777'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947203'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>编程</span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US>(</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实验估计时间：</span><span
lang=EN-US>120</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>分钟</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US> </span></span></p>
<p class=MsoFooter style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt center 207.65pt right 415.3pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]></span><a href="#_背景知识"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>背景知识</span></b></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoFooter style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt center 207.65pt right 415.3pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]></span><a href="#_实验目的"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>实验目的</span></b></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoFooter style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt center 207.65pt right 415.3pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]></span><a href="#_工具/准备工作"><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>工具</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'>/</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>准备工作</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoFooter style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 21.0pt center 207.65pt right 415.3pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]></span><a href="#_实验内容与步骤"><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实验内容与步骤</span></b></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US> </span></span></p>
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a name="_Toc36437027"></a><a
name="_Toc36947204"></a><a name="_Toc39769778"></a><a name="_Toc45702455"></a><a
name="_背景知识"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437027'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36947204'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39769778'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc45702455'><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'>背景知识</span></span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><a
name="_Toc36437028"><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></a></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可以识别的应用程序包括控制台应用程序、</span><span lang=EN-US>GUI</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>应用程序和服务应用程序。控制台应用程序可以创建</span><span lang=EN-US>GUI</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>GUI</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>应用程序可以作为服务来运行，服务也可以向标准的输出流写入数据。不同类型应用程序间的惟一重要区别是其启动方法。</span></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是以</span><span lang=EN-US>NT</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的技术构建的，它提供了创建控制台应用程序的能力，使用户可以利用标准的</span><span lang=EN-US>C++</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工具，如</span><span lang=EN-US>iostream</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>库中的</span><span lang=EN-US>cout</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>cin</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对象，来创建小型应用程序。当系统运行时，</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的服务通常要向系统用户提供所需功能。</span></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>服务应用程序类型需要</span><span
lang=EN-US>ServiceMail() </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>函数，由服务控制管理器</span><span
lang=EN-US> (SCM) </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>加以调用。</span><span
lang=EN-US>SCM</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是操作系统的集成部分，负责响应系统启动以开始服务、指导用户控制或从另一个服务中来的请求。其本身负责使应用程序的行为像一个服务。通常，服务登录到特殊的</span><span
lang=EN-US>LocalSystem</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>账号下，此账号具有与开发人员创建的服务不同的权限。</span></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>当令</span><span
lang=EN-US>C++ </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>编译器创建可执行程序时，编译器将源代码编译成</span><span
lang=EN-US>OBJ</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件，然后将其与标准库相链接。产生的</span><span
lang=EN-US>EXE</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件是装载器指令、机器指令和应用程序的数据的集合。装载器指令告诉系统从哪里装载机器代码。另一个装载器指令告诉系统从哪里开始执行进程的主线程。在进行某些设置后，进入开发者提供的</span><span
lang=EN-US>main() </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>ServiceMain() </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或</span><span
lang=EN-US>WinMain() </span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
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