7-1.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>FAT32</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统通过提供长文件名的支持来扩展</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统，并与</span><span
lang=EN-US>FAT16</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>兼容。</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT (16</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>32) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统是支持可移动媒体</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>例如软盘</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>上的惟一的文件系统。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>Windows NT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统</span><span lang=EN-US> (NTFS) </span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>包括了</span><span
lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统的所有功能，同时又提供了对高级文件系统特征</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>例如安全模式、压缩和加密</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的支持。它是为在大磁盘上有效地完成文件操作而设计的。与</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和保护模式</span><span
lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统不同，它的最小簇尺寸不超过</span><span lang=EN-US>4KB</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。但是，</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>卷标只能为</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows NT</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>2000</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>XP</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>操作系统所访问。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>提供的新特征</span><span lang=EN-US> (NTFS
5.0) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使文件系统更安全、更可靠，比以往的</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>版本更好地支持分布式计算。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>此外，</span><span lang=EN-US>Windows 2000</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>支持的文件系统还有：</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>CDFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：光盘文件系统</span><span lang=EN-US> (Compact Disc File System) </span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用于光盘的文件存储。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>UDF</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>：通用磁盘格式</span><span lang=EN-US> (Universal Disk Format) </span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>用于</span><span
lang=EN-US>DVD</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的文件存储。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在文件系统中，</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT16</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>FAT32</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>这三个文件系统对磁盘子系统的性能影响最大。而事实上，选择</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>之外的任何文件系统都只有两个理由，即：</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>1) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>可双引导系统</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>2) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>小于</span><span lang=EN-US>400MB</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的卷</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>如果系统不是这两种情况，那么</span><span lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>就应该是所选择的文件系统，</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>将提供更好的性能、可靠性和安全性。</span></span></span></span></p>

<h4><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><a name="_2._EFS加密文件系统"></a><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2. EFS加密文件系统</span></span></span></span></h4>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>EFS (Encrypting File System) </span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实际上是</span><span
lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的一个特性，它提供了核心文件加密技术，主要用来在</span><span lang=EN-US>NTFS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统卷上存储加密文件。在加密了文件或文件夹之后，使用加密文件和文件夹的方法与使用其他任何文件和文件夹相同。即，加密对于加密该文件的用户来说是透明的，这意味着不必在使用加密文件之前将其解密，可以像平常一样打开和更改文件。但是，如果侵入者试图打开、复制、移动或重命名加密的文件或文件夹，那么他将接收到一条拒绝访问的消息。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>像设置其他任何属性</span><span lang=EN-US> (</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>如只读、压缩或隐藏</span><span
lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一样，可以通过设置文件夹和文件的加密属性来对文件夹或文件加密或解密。如果加密文件夹，那么在加密文件夹中创建的所有文件和子文件夹都将加密。因此，推荐在文件夹一级上加密。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>使用</span><span lang=EN-US>EFS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>保护文档的安全，可以防止侵入者获得对存储的敏感数据的未经授权的物理访问。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>EFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>带来的附加安全性是以性能为代价的。当操作系统对所访问的加密文件进行加密或解密时，文件传输将增加一点延迟。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>影响系统性能的程度将具体取决于执行加密或解密操作的系统的处理能力。对于在本地驱动器上包含加密文件的现代工作站来说，因为这些系统通常不受处理器限制，所以影响通常可以忽略不计。这种影响对处理器上的额外负载可能不到</span><span
lang=EN-US>1</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>％。对于使用低端处理器的早期工作站来说，这种额外负载可能大约有处理器时间的</span><span
lang=EN-US> 10</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>％。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>对于服务器来说，负载可能会很重。在服务器上，可能同时发生许多不同的文件访问。如果其中许多文件都使用</span><span
lang=EN-US>EFS</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>来保护，那么处理器上的负载可能是处理器总负载的</span><span lang=EN-US>10-25</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>％。对于包含大量加密文件</span><span
lang=EN-US> (</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>或非常大的加密文件</span><span lang=EN-US>) </span></span></span></span><span