7-1.htm

计算机操作系统 西安电子科技大学出版社 操作系统实验

_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统</span><span lang=EN-US> (NTFS)</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统是早期文件系统之一，也是</span><span lang=EN-US>MS-DOS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用的原始文件系统。它将文件信息储存在位于卷标开头处的文件分配表中，并保存两份文件分配表，以防其中的一个遭到破坏，见图</span><span
lang=EN-US>7-1</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>所示。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件系统最大的优点是</span><span lang=EN-US>MS-DOS</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>Windows 9x</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>甚至</span><span lang=EN-US>OS/2</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>都能访问</span><span
lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>卷标；而其最大的弱点是随着</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>卷标尺寸的增长，最小的簇尺寸也随之增长。对于大于</span><span
lang=EN-US>512MB</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的硬盘而言，最小的簇尺寸为</span><span lang=EN-US>16KB</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>；对于大于</span><span
lang=EN-US>2GB</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的硬盘，最小的簇尺寸为</span><span lang=EN-US>64KB</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。这就导致磁盘空间的极大浪费，因为一个文件必须占用整数个簇。因此，</span><span
lang=EN-US>1KB</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的文件在</span><span lang=EN-US>2GB</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的硬盘上将占用</span><span
lang=EN-US>64KB</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的磁盘空间。</span><span lang=EN-US>FAT</span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>文件系统不支持尺寸大于</span><span
lang=EN-US>4GB</span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的卷标。</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></p>

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      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
      style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
      9.0pt'>BIOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
      style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>参数</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>文件</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
      style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>分配表</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
      style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>文件分配</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
      style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>表副本</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;
      </span>P<sub>4</sub></span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt'><span lang=EN-US>K<sub>3<o:p></o:p></sub></span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt'><span lang=EN-US>2</span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt'><span lang=EN-US>4</span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;
      </span>R</span></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>根目录</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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      font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
      "Times New Roman"'>文件和目录</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
      lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
      <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span
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<p class=a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'>图<span lang=EN-US>7-1<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>FAT文件系统的结构</span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc16587483'><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc39798103'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc36437028'><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></p>