new-conversions.txt

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This hierarchy contains converter handle classes.


                +-------------+
                | noncopyable |
                +-------------+
                      ^
                      |            A common base class used so that
             +--------+--------+   conversions can be linked into a
             | conversion_base |   chain for efficient argument
             +-----------------+   conversion
                      ^
                      |
            +---------+-----------+
            |                     |
+-----------+----+         +------+-------+  only used for
| unwrap_more<T> |         | wrap_more<T> |  chaining, and don't manage any
+----------------+         +--------------+  resources.
         ^                         ^
         |                         |
   +-----+-----+           +-------+-+  These converters are what users
   | unwrap<T> |           | wrap<T> |  actually touch, but they do so
   +-----------+           +---------+  through a type generator which
                                        minimizes the number of converters
                                        that must be generated, so they


Each unwrap<T>, unwrap_more<T>, wrap<T>, wrap_more<T> converter holds
a reference to an appropriate converter object

This hierarchy contains converter body classes

                                          Exposes use/release which
                                          are needed in case the converter
                           +-----------+  in the registry needs to be
                           | converter |  cloned. That occurs when a
                           +-----------+  unwrap target type is not
                                 ^        contained within the Python object.
                                 |
              +------------------+-----+
              |                        |
     +--------+-------+ Exposes        |
     | unwrapper_base | convertible()  |
     +----------------+                |
              ^                        |
              |                        |
     +--------+----+             +-----+-----+
     | unwrapper<T>|             | wrapper<T>|
     +-------------+             +-----------+
 Exposes T convert(PyObject*)    Exposes PyObject* convert(T)


unwrap:

    constructed with a PyObject*, whose reference count is
    incremented.

    find the registry entry for the target type

    look in the collection of converters for one which claims to be
    able to convert the PyObject to the target type.

    stick a pointer to the unwrapper in the unwrap object

    when unwrap is queried for convertibility, it checks to see
    if it has a pointer to an unwrapper.

    on conversion, the unwrapper is asked to allocate an
    implementation if the unwrap object isn't already holding
    one. The unwrap object "takes ownership" of the unwrapper's
    implementation. No memory allocation will actually take place
    unless this is a value conversion.

    on destruction, the unwrapper is asked to free any implementation
    held by the unwrap object. No memory deallocation actually
    takes place unless this is a value conversion

    on destruction, the reference count on the held PyObject is
    decremented.

    We need to make sure that by default, you can't instantiate
    callback<> for reference and pointer return types: although the
    unwrappers may exist, they may convert by-value, which would cause
    the referent to be destroyed upon return.

wrap:

    find the registry entry for the source type

    see if there is a converter. If found, stick a pointer to it in
    the wrap object.

    when queried for convertibility, it checks to see if it has a
    pointer to a converter.

    on conversion, a reference to the target PyObject is held by the
    converter. Generally, the PyObject will have been created by the
    converter, but in certain cases it may be a pre-existing object,
    whose reference count will have been incremented.

    when a wrap<T> x is used to return from a C++ function,
    x.release() is returned so that x no longer holds a reference to
    the PyObject when destroyed.

    Otherwise, on destruction, any PyObject still held has its
    reference-count decremented.


When a converter is created by the user, the appropriate element must
be added to the registry; when it is destroyed, it must be removed
from the registry.