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<title>6. Generic Operating System Services </title>
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<H1>
<BR>
6. Generic Operating System Services 
</H1>

<P>
The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating
system features that are available on (almost) all operating systems,
such as files and a clock.  The interfaces are generally modeled
after the Unix or C interfaces, but they are available on most
other systems as well.  Here's an overview:

<P>
<table class='synopsistable'>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-os.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-os.html">os</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Miscellaneous OS interfaces.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-os.path.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-os.path.html">os.path</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Common pathname manipulations.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-dircache.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-dircache.html">dircache</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Return directory listing, with cache mechanism.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-stat.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-stat.html">stat</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Utilities for interpreting the results of
  <tt class="function">os.stat()</tt>, <tt class="function">os.lstat()</tt> and <tt class="function">os.fstat()</tt>.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-statcache.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-statcache.html">statcache</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Stat files, and remember results.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-statvfs.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-statvfs.html">statvfs</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Constants for interpreting the result of
                <tt class="function">os.statvfs()</tt>.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-filecmp.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-filecmp.html">filecmp</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Compare files efficiently.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-popen2.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-popen2.html">popen2</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-time.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-time.html">time</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Time access and conversions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-sched.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-sched.html">sched</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>General purpose event scheduler.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-getpass.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-getpass.html">getpass</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-curses.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-curses.html">curses</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>An interface to the curses library, providing portable
                terminal handling.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-curses.textpad.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-curses.textpad.html">curses.textpad</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Emacs-like input editing in a curses window.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-curses.wrapper.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-curses.wrapper.html">curses.wrapper</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Terminal configuration wrapper for curses programs.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-curses.ascii.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-curses.ascii.html">curses.ascii</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Constants and set-membership functions for
                ASCII<#15615#><#15615#> characters.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-getopt.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-getopt.html">getopt</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Portable parser for command line options; support both
                short and long option names.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-tempfile.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-tempfile.html">tempfile</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Generate temporary file names.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-errno.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-errno.html">errno</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Standard errno system symbols.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-glob.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-glob.html">glob</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-fnmatch.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-fnmatch.html">fnmatch</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Unix shell style filename pattern matching.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-shutil.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-shutil.html">shutil</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>High-level file operations, including copying.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-locale.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-locale.html">locale</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Internationalization services.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-gettext.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-gettext.html">gettext</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Multilingual internationalization services.</td></tr>
</table>

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