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<H1><A NAME="SECTION0082100000000000000000">
6.21 <tt class="module">shutil</tt> --
         High-level file operations</A>
</H1>

<P>


<P>
The <tt class="module">shutil</tt> module offers a number of high-level operations on
files and collections of files.  In particular, functions are provided 
which support file copying and removal.


<P>
<b>Caveat:</b>  On MacOS, the resource fork and other metadata are
not used.  For file copies, this means that resources will be lost and 
file type and creator codes will not be correct.

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1481'><tt class='function'>copyfile</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var>)
<dd>
  Copy the contents of <var>src</var> to <var>dst</var>.  If <var>dst</var> exists,
  it will be replaced, otherwise it will be created.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1482'><tt class='function'>copyfileobj</tt></a></b> (<var>fsrc, fdst</var><big>[</big><var>, length</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
  Copy the contents of the file-like object <var>fsrc</var> to the
  file-like object <var>fdst</var>.  The integer <var>length</var>, if given,
  is the buffer size. In particular, a negative <var>length</var> value
  means to copy the data without looping over the source data in
  chunks; by default the data is read in chunks to avoid uncontrolled
  memory consumption.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1483'><tt class='function'>copymode</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var>)
<dd>
  Copy the permission bits from <var>src</var> to <var>dst</var>.  The file
  contents, owner, and group are unaffected.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1484'><tt class='function'>copystat</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var>)
<dd>
  Copy the permission bits, last access time, and last modification
  time from <var>src</var> to <var>dst</var>.  The file contents, owner, and
  group are unaffected.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1485'><tt class='function'>copy</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var>)
<dd>
  Copy the file <var>src</var> to the file or directory <var>dst</var>.  If
  <var>dst</var> is a directory, a file with the same basename as <var>src</var> 
  is created (or overwritten) in the directory specified.  Permission
  bits are copied.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1486'><tt class='function'>copy2</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var>)
<dd>
  Similar to <tt class="function">copy()</tt>, but last access time and last
  modification time are copied as well.  This is similar to the
  Unix command <b class="program">cp</b> <b class="programopt">-p</b>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1487'><tt class='function'>copytree</tt></a></b> (<var>src, dst</var><big>[</big><var>, symlinks</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
  Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at <var>src</var>.  The
  destination directory, named by <var>dst</var>, must not already exist;
  it will be created.  Individual files are copied using
  <tt class="function">copy2()</tt>.  If <var>symlinks</var> is true, symbolic links in
  the source tree are represented as symbolic links in the new tree;
  if false or omitted, the contents of the linked files are copied to
  the new tree.  Errors are reported to standard output.

<P>
The source code for this should be considered an example rather than 
  a tool.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1488'><tt class='function'>rmtree</tt></a></b> (<var>path</var><big>[</big><var>, ignore_errors</var><big>[</big><var>, onerror</var><big>]</big><big>]</big>)
<dd>

  Delete an entire directory tree.  If <var>ignore_errors</var> is true,
  errors will be ignored; if false or omitted, errors are handled by
  calling a handler specified by <var>onerror</var> or raise an exception.

<P>
If <var>onerror</var> is provided, it must be a callable that accepts
  three parameters: <var>function</var>, <var>path</var>, and <var>excinfo</var>.
  The first parameter, <var>function</var>, is the function which raised
  the exception; it will be <tt class="function">os.remove()</tt> or
  <tt class="function">os.rmdir()</tt>.  The second parameter, <var>path</var>, will be
  the path name passed to <var>function</var>.  The third parameter,
  <var>excinfo</var>, will be the exception information return by
  <tt class="function">sys.exc_info()</tt>.  Exceptions raised by <var>onerror</var> will
  not be caught.
</dl>

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