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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00141100000000000000000">
12.11 <tt class="module">mimetypes</tt> --
         Map filenames to MIME types</A>
</H1>

<P>


<P>


<P>
The <tt class="module">mimetypes</tt> converts between a filename or URL and the MIME
type associated with the filename extension.  Conversions are provided 
from filename to MIME type and from MIME type to filename extension;
encodings are not supported for the later conversion.

<P>
The functions described below provide the primary interface for this
module.  If the module has not been initialized, they will call
<tt class="function">init()</tt>.

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2472'><tt class='function'>guess_type</tt></a></b> (<var>filename</var>)
<dd>
Guess the type of a file based on its filename or URL, given by
<var>filename</var>.
The return value is a tuple <code>(<var>type</var>, <var>encoding</var>)</code> where
<var>type</var> is <code>None</code> if the type can't be guessed (no or unknown
suffix) or a string of the form <code>'<var>type</var>/<var>subtype</var>'</code>,
usable for a MIME <code>content-type</code> header; and 
encoding is <code>None</code> for no encoding or the name of the program used
to encode (e.g. <b class="program">compress</b> or <b class="program">gzip</b>).  The encoding
is suitable for use as a <code>content-encoding</code> header,
<i>not</i> as a <code>content-transfer-encoding</code> header.  The mappings
are table driven.  Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes
are first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2473'><tt class='function'>guess_extension</tt></a></b> (<var>type</var>)
<dd>
Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by
<var>type</var>.
The return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
leading dot ("<tt class="character">.</tt>").  The extension is not guaranteed to have been
associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the 
MIME type <var>type</var> by <tt class="function">guess_type()</tt>.  If no extension can
be guessed for <var>type</var>, <code>None</code> is returned.
</dl>

<P>
Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling
the behavior of the module.

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2474'><tt class='function'>init</tt></a></b> (<big>[</big><var>files</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
Initialize the internal data structures.  If given, <var>files</var> must
be a sequence of file names which should be used to augment the
default type map.  If omitted, the file names to use are taken from
<code>knownfiles</code>.  Each file named in <var>files</var> or
<code>knownfiles</code> takes precedence over those named before it.
Calling <tt class="function">init()</tt> repeatedly is allowed.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2475'><tt class='function'>read_mime_types</tt></a></b> (<var>filename</var>)
<dd>
Load the type map given in the file <var>filename</var>, if it exists.  The 
type map is returned as a dictionary mapping filename extensions,
including the leading dot ("<tt class="character">.</tt>"), to strings of the form
<code>'<var>type</var>/<var>subtype</var>'</code>.  If the file <var>filename</var> does
not exist or cannot be read, <code>None</code> is returned.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2476'><tt>inited</tt></a></b>
<dd>
Flag indicating whether or not the global data structures have been
initialized.  This is set to true by <tt class="function">init()</tt>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2477'><tt>knownfiles</tt></a></b>
<dd>
List of type map file names commonly installed.  These files are
typically named <span class="file">mime.types</span> and are installed in different
locations by different packages.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2478'><tt>suffix_map</tt></a></b>
<dd>
Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes.  This is used to allow
recognition of encoded files for which the encoding and the type are
indicated by the same extension.  For example, the <span class="file">.tgz</span>
extension is mapped to <span class="file">.tar.gz</span> to allow the encoding and type
to be recognized separately.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2479'><tt>encodings_map</tt></a></b>
<dd>
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-2480'><tt>types_map</tt></a></b>
<dd>
Dictionary mapping filename extensions to MIME types.
</dl>

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