module-socket.html

一本很好的python的说明书,适合对python感兴趣的人

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1557'><tt class='function'>gethostname</tt></a></b> ()
<dd>
Return a string containing the hostname of the machine where 
the Python interpreter is currently executing.  If you want to know the
current machine's IP address, use <code>gethostbyname(gethostname())</code>.
Note: <tt class="function">gethostname()</tt> doesn't always return the fully qualified
domain name; use <code>gethostbyaddr(gethostname())</code>
(see below).
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1558'><tt class='function'>gethostbyaddr</tt></a></b> (<var>ip_address</var>)
<dd>
Return a triple <code>(<var>hostname</var>, <var>aliaslist</var>,
<var>ipaddrlist</var>)</code> where <var>hostname</var> is the primary host name
responding to the given <var>ip_address</var>, <var>aliaslist</var> is a
(possibly empty) list of alternative host names for the same address,
and <var>ipaddrlist</var> is a list of IP addresses for the same interface
on the same host (most likely containing only a single address).
To find the fully qualified domain name, use the function
<tt class="function">getfqdn()</tt>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1559'><tt class='function'>getprotobyname</tt></a></b> (<var>protocolname</var>)
<dd>
Translate an Internet protocol name (e.g. <code>'icmp'</code>) to a constant
suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the
<tt class="function">socket()</tt> function.  This is usually only needed for sockets
opened in ``raw'' mode (<tt class="constant">SOCK_RAW</tt>); for the normal socket
modes, the correct protocol is chosen automatically if the protocol is
omitted or zero.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1560'><tt class='function'>getservbyname</tt></a></b> (<var>servicename, protocolname</var>)
<dd>
Translate an Internet service name and protocol name to a port number
for that service.  The protocol name should be <code>'tcp'</code> or
<code>'udp'</code>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1561'><tt class='function'>socket</tt></a></b> (<var>family, type</var><big>[</big><var>, proto</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
Create a new socket using the given address family, socket type and
protocol number.  The address family should be <tt class="constant">AF_INET</tt> or
<tt class="constant">AF_UNIX</tt>.  The socket type should be <tt class="constant">SOCK_STREAM</tt>,
<tt class="constant">SOCK_DGRAM</tt> or perhaps one of the other "<tt class="samp">SOCK_</tt>" constants.
The protocol number is usually zero and may be omitted in that case.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1562'><tt class='function'>fromfd</tt></a></b> (<var>fd, family, type</var><big>[</big><var>, proto</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
Build a socket object from an existing file descriptor (an integer as
returned by a file object's <tt class="method">fileno()</tt> method).  Address family,
socket type and protocol number are as for the <tt class="function">socket()</tt> function
above.  The file descriptor should refer to a socket, but this is not
checked -- subsequent operations on the object may fail if the file
descriptor is invalid.  This function is rarely needed, but can be
used to get or set socket options on a socket passed to a program as
standard input or output (e.g. a server started by the Unix inet
daemon).
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1563'><tt class='function'>ntohl</tt></a></b> (<var>x</var>)
<dd>
Convert 32-bit integers from network to host byte order.  On machines
where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1564'><tt class='function'>ntohs</tt></a></b> (<var>x</var>)
<dd>
Convert 16-bit integers from network to host byte order.  On machines
where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1565'><tt class='function'>htonl</tt></a></b> (<var>x</var>)
<dd>
Convert 32-bit integers from host to network byte order.  On machines
where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1566'><tt class='function'>htons</tt></a></b> (<var>x</var>)
<dd>
Convert 16-bit integers from host to network byte order.  On machines
where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1567'><tt class='function'>inet_aton</tt></a></b> (<var>ip_string</var>)
<dd>
Convert an IP address from dotted-quad string format
(e.g. '123.45.67.89') to 32-bit packed binary format, as a string four
characters in length.

<P>
Useful when conversing with a program that uses the standard C library
and needs objects of type <tt class="ctype">struct in_addr</tt>, which is the C type
for the 32-bit packed binary this function returns.

<P>
If the IP address string passed to this function is invalid,
<tt class="exception">socket.error</tt> will be raised. Note that exactly what is
valid depends on the underlying C implementation of
<tt class="cfunction">inet_aton()</tt>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1568'><tt class='function'>inet_ntoa</tt></a></b> (<var>packed_ip</var>)
<dd>
Convert a 32-bit packed IP address (a string four characters in
length) to its standard dotted-quad string representation
(e.g. '123.45.67.89').

<P>
Useful when conversing with a program that uses the standard C library
and needs objects of type <tt class="ctype">struct in_addr</tt>, which is the C type
for the 32-bit packed binary this function takes as an argument.

<P>
If the string passed to this function is not exactly 4 bytes in
length, <tt class="exception">socket.error</tt> will be raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1569'><tt>SocketType</tt></a></b>
<dd>
This is a Python type object that represents the socket object type.
It is the same as <code>type(socket(...))</code>.
</dl>

<P>
<div class='seealso'>
  <p class='heading'><b>See Also:</b></p>

  <dl compact class="seemodule">
    <dt>Module <b><tt class='module'><a href="module-SocketServer.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-SocketServer.html">SocketServer</a></tt>:</b>
    <dd>Classes that simplify writing network servers.
  </dl>
</div>

<P>

<p><hr>
<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html2835"
  href="socket-objects.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/socket-objects.html">7.2.1 Socket Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html2836"
  href="socket-example.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/socket-example.html">7.2.2 Example </A>
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