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<title>3. Python Runtime Services </title>
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<H1>
<BR>
3. Python Runtime Services
         
</H1>

<P>
The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services
related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its
environment.  Here's an overview:

<P>
<table class='synopsistable'>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-sys.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-sys.html">sys</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Access system-specific parameters and functions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-gc.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-gc.html">gc</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-atexit.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-atexit.html">atexit</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Register and execute cleanup functions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-types.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-types.html">types</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Names for all built-in types.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-UserDict.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-UserDict.html">UserDict</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for dictionary objects.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-UserList.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-UserList.html">UserList</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for list objects.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-UserString.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-UserString.html">UserString</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for string objects.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-operator.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-operator.html">operator</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>All Python's standard operators as built-in functions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-traceback.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-traceback.html">traceback</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-linecache.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-linecache.html">linecache</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>This module provides random access to individual lines
                from text files.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-pickle.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pickle.html">pickle</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-cPickle.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-cPickle.html">cPickle</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Faster version of <tt class='module'><a href="module-pickle.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pickle.html">pickle</a></tt>, but not subclassable.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-copyreg.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-copyreg.html">copy_reg</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Register <tt class="module">pickle</tt> support functions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-shelve.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-shelve.html">shelve</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Python object persistence.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-copy.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-copy.html">copy</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Shallow and deep copy operations.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-marshal.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-marshal.html">marshal</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back
                (with different constraints).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-imp.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-imp.html">imp</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Access the implementation of the <tt class="keyword">import</tt> statement.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-code.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-code.html">code</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Base classes for interactive Python interpreters.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-codeop.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-codeop.html">codeop</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-pprint.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pprint.html">pprint</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Data pretty printer.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-repr.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-repr.html">repr</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Alternate <tt class="function">repr()</tt> implementation with size limits.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-new.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-new.html">new</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Interface to the creation of runtime implementation objects.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-site.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-site.html">site</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>A standard way to reference site-specific modules.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-user.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-user.html">user</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>A standard way to reference user-specific modules.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-builtin.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-builtin.html">__builtin__</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The set of built-in functions.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href="module-main.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-main.html">__main__</a></tt></b></td>
      <td class='synopsis'>The environment where the top-level script is run.</td></tr>
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<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b> <a class="sectref" href="built-in-funcs.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-funcs.html">2.3 Built-in Functions</A>
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<b class="navlabel">Next:</b> <a class="sectref" href="module-sys.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-sys.html">3.1 sys  </A>
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