module-time.html

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<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1137'><tt class='function'>localtime</tt></a></b> (<var>secs</var>)
<dd>
Like <tt class="function">gmtime()</tt> but converts to local time.  The dst flag is
set to <code>1</code> when DST applies to the given time.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1138'><tt class='function'>mktime</tt></a></b> (<var>tuple</var>)
<dd>
This is the inverse function of <tt class="function">localtime()</tt>.  Its argument
is the full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use <code>-1</code> as
the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in
<i>local</i> time, not UTC.  It returns a floating point number, for
compatibility with <tt class="function">time()</tt>.  If the input value cannot be
represented as a valid time, <tt class="exception">OverflowError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1139'><tt class='function'>sleep</tt></a></b> (<var>secs</var>)
<dd>
Suspend execution for the given number of seconds.  The argument may
be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep time.
The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any
caught signal will terminate the <tt class="function">sleep()</tt> following
execution of that signal's catching routine.  Also, the suspension
time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount because of
the scheduling of other activity in the system.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1140'><tt class='function'>strftime</tt></a></b> (<var>format, tuple</var>)
<dd>
Convert a tuple representing a time as returned by <tt class="function">gmtime()</tt>
or <tt class="function">localtime()</tt> to a string as specified by the <var>format</var>
argument.  <var>format</var> must be a string.

<P>
The following directives can be embedded in the <var>format</var> string.
They are shown without the optional field width and precision
specification, and are replaced by the indicated characters in the
<tt class="function">strftime()</tt> result:

<P>
<table border align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th align="center"><b>Directive</b>&nbsp;</th>
      <th align="left"><b>Meaning</b>&nbsp;</th>
      <th align="center"><b>Notes</b>&nbsp;</th>
    </thead>
  <tbody valign='baseline'>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%a</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's abbreviated weekday name.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%A</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's full weekday name.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%b</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's abbreviated month name.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%B</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's full month name.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%c</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's appropriate date and time representation.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%d</code></td>
        <td align="left">Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%H</code></td>
        <td align="left">Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%I</code></td>
        <td align="left">Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%j</code></td>
        <td align="left">Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%m</code></td>
        <td align="left">Month as a decimal number [01,12].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%M</code></td>
        <td align="left">Minute as a decimal number [00,59].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%p</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%S</code></td>
        <td align="left">Second as a decimal number [00,61].</td>
        <td align="center">(1)</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%U</code></td>
        <td align="left">Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the
                week) as a decimal number [00,53].  All days in a new year
                preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%w</code></td>
        <td align="left">Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%W</code></td>
        <td align="left">Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the
                week) as a decimal number [00,53].  All days in a new year
                preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%x</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's appropriate date representation.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%X</code></td>
        <td align="left">Locale's appropriate time representation.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%y</code></td>
        <td align="left">Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%Y</code></td>
        <td align="left">Year with century as a decimal number.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%Z</code></td>
        <td align="left">Time zone name (or by no characters if no time zone exists).</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
    <tr><td align="center" valign="baseline"><code>%%</code></td>
        <td align="left">A literal "<tt class="character">%</tt>" character.</td>
        <td align="center">&nbsp;</td></tbody>
</table>

<P>
Notes:

<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>(1)</STRONG></DT>
<DD>The range really is <code>0</code> to <code>61</code>; this accounts for leap
    seconds and the (very rare) double leap seconds.
</DD>
</DL>

<P>
Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but
only the ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C.

<P>
On some platforms, an optional field width and precision
specification can immediately follow the initial "<tt class="character">%</tt>" of a
directive in the following order; this is also not portable.
The field width is normally 2 except for <code>%j</code> where it is 3.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1141'><tt class='function'>strptime</tt></a></b> (<var>string</var><big>[</big><var>, format</var><big>]</big>)
<dd>
Parse a string representing a time according to a format.  The return 
value is a tuple as returned by <tt class="function">gmtime()</tt> or
<tt class="function">localtime()</tt>.  The <var>format</var> parameter uses the same
directives as those used by <tt class="function">strftime()</tt>; it defaults to
<code>"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"</code> which matches the formatting
returned by <tt class="function">ctime()</tt>.  The same platform caveats apply; see
the local Unix documentation for restrictions or additional
supported directives.  If <var>string</var> cannot be parsed according to
<var>format</var>, <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.  Values which are not
provided as part of the input string are filled in with default
values; the specific values are platform-dependent as the XPG standard
does not provide sufficient information to constrain the result.

<P>
<b>Note:</b> This function relies entirely on the underlying
platform's C library for the date parsing, and some of these libraries
are buggy.  There's nothing to be done about this short of a new,
portable implementation of <tt class="cfunction">strptime()</tt>.

<P>
Availability: Most modern Unix systems.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1142'><tt class='function'>time</tt></a></b> ()
<dd>
Return the time as a floating point number expressed in seconds since
the epoch, in UTC.  Note that even though the time is always returned
as a floating point number, not all systems provide time with a better
precision than 1 second.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1143'><tt>timezone</tt></a></b>
<dd>
The offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC
(i.e. negative in most of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in
the UK).
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1144'><tt>tzname</tt></a></b>
<dd>
A tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST
timezone, the second is the name of the local DST timezone.  If no DST
timezone is defined, the second string should not be used.
</dl>

<P>
<div class='seealso'>
  <p class='heading'><b>See Also:</b></p>

  <dl compact class="seemodule">
    <dt>Module <b><tt class='module'><a href="module-locale.html" tppabs="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-locale.html">locale</a></tt>:</b>
    <dd>Internationalization services.  The locale
                     settings can affect the return values for some of 
                     the functions in the <tt class="module">time</tt> module.
  </dl>
</div>

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