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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00101800000000000000000">
8.18 <tt class="module">commands</tt> --
Utilities for running commands</A>
</H1>
<P>
<p class='availability'>Availability: <span
class='platform'>Unix</span>.</p>
<P>
The <tt class="module">commands</tt> module contains wrapper functions for
<tt class="function">os.popen()</tt> which take a system command as a string and
return any output generated by the command and, optionally, the exit
status.
<P>
The <tt class="module">commands</tt> module defines the following functions:
<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1933'><tt class='function'>getstatusoutput</tt></a></b> (<var>cmd</var>)
<dd>
Execute the string <var>cmd</var> in a shell with <tt class="function">os.popen()</tt> and
return a 2-tuple <code>(<var>status</var>, <var>output</var>)</code>. <var>cmd</var> is
actually run as <code>{ <var>cmd</var> ; } 2>&1</code>, so that the returned
output will contain output or error messages. A trailing newline is
stripped from the output. The exit status for the command can be
interpreted according to the rules for the C function
<tt class="cfunction">wait()</tt>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1934'><tt class='function'>getoutput</tt></a></b> (<var>cmd</var>)
<dd>
Like <tt class="function">getstatusoutput()</tt>, except the exit status is ignored
and the return value is a string containing the command's output.
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><b><a name='l2h-1935'><tt class='function'>getstatus</tt></a></b> (<var>file</var>)
<dd>
Return the output of "<tt class="samp">ls -ld <var>file</var></tt>" as a string. This
function uses the <tt class="function">getoutput()</tt> function, and properly
escapes backslashes and dollar signs in the argument.
</dl>
<P>
Example:
<P>
<dl><dd><pre class="verbatim">
>>> import commands
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')
(0, '/bin/ls')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')
(256, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')
>>> commands.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')
(256, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')
>>> commands.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')
'/bin/ls'
>>> commands.getstatus('/bin/ls')
'-rwxr-xr-x 1 root 13352 Oct 14 1994 /bin/ls'
</pre></dl>
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