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Date: Tue, 14 Jan 1997 21:49:40 GMTServer: NCSA/1.5Content-type: text/htmlLast-modified: Mon, 04 Mar 1996 17:32:13 GMTContent-length: 4232<html><head><title>Learning in Games: Othello, Checkers, and Hearts</title></head><body><h1>Learning in Games: Othello, Checkers, and Hearts</h1><p>Our interest in these games is mainly from the perspective ofmachine learning and AI search. That is, we try out different searchstrategies, time management and learning approaches to see what worksbest. For this purpose, Paul Utgoff describes simple protocols,implemented for all three games, that allow programs to play eachother on request, directly over an internet connection. The protocolsare described in a <!WA0><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/tr-95-67.ps">technicalreport.</a> Source code implementing the protocols, as well asbasic player programs, is also available for <!WA1><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/">anonymous ftp.</a></p><p>If you are interested in machine learning for games, you may alsowant to check out <!WA2><ahref="http://forum.swarthmore.edu/~jay/learn-game/index.html">JayScott's page.</a></p><h2>Othello (or Reversi)</h2><p>Reversi, better known as Othello™ (a registered trademark ofTsukuda Original, licensed by Anjar Co., © 1973, 1990 by PressmanToy Corporation), is an ancient game where two players alternate turnsflipping two-colored disks on an 8 by 8 grid, according to certain <!WA3><ahref="http://web.cs.ualberta.ca/~brock/othguide/othellorules.html">rules;</a>the player with the most disks on the board at the end of the game isthe winner.</p><p>There are a number of good sources of information on the WWW:</p><ul><li><!WA4><ahref="http://web.cs.ualberta.ca/~brock/othello.html">Brockington'sGuide to the Game of Othello,</a> where some of this information isfrom.<li><!WA5><ahref="http://www.yahoo.com/Entertainment/Games/Board_Games/Othello/">Yahoo's</a>links to Othello pages, servers, and so on.</ul><p>To implement your own player, the simplest approach is to get the <!WA6><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/othello-2.15.tar.gz">sourcecode in C</a> for o-admin (the game administrator), o-listen (thelistening program to start a player remotely), and the basic playerprogram (that does random legal moves) and substitute your ownstrategies.See the <!WA7><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/tr-95-67.ps">technicalreport</a> for further details on the protocol, the programs, and somerelated issues.</p><p>A special administrator for ladder tournaments is in the works, aswell as a WWW interface to show games and play human players againstthe programs.</p><h2>Checkers</h2><p>A similar protocol has now also been developed for <!WA8><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/checkers-2.2.tar.gz">checkers,</a>described in the same <!WA9><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/tr-95-67.ps">technicalreport.</a></p><h2>Hearts</h2><p>A third protocol has been developed for <!WA10><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/hearts-2.03.tar.gz">Hearts</a>--amultiplayer card-game. Details of the protocol and the implementationare described in the same <!WA11><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/tr-95-67.ps">technicalreport.</a></p><h2>Other Games</h2>Some of the above games have variant rule sets (e.g., RussianCheckers) that are not currently implemented in the protocols; itshould be fairly simple to modify the code to implement other rulesets, simply by changing the function that generates legal moves. Ifyou do, please consider making the code available by sending mail to<!WA12><a href="http://www-ml.cs.umass.edu/~utgoff/">Paul Utgoff</a> at <!WA13><ahref="mailto:utgoff@cs.umass.edu">utgoff@cs.umass.edu</a> such thatthe code (and appropriate credit) can be included in the next release.</p><p>Similarly, using the internet communication and principles describedin the <!WA14><ahref="ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/internet-games/tr-95-67.ps">technicalreport,</a> other games can be implemented.Please let us know should you decide to do so, such that we canprovide the appropriate links to the code on this page.</p><hr>Last updated July 21 1995.<address><!WA15><a href="http://www-ml.cs.umass.edu/~utgoff/">Paul Utgoff</a> -<!WA16><a href="mailto:utgoff@cs.umass.edu">utgoff@cs.umass.edu</a></address>URL: http://www.cs.umass.edu/~lrn/othello.html</body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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