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<p><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><img src="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/images/unet-logo.gif" align="absbottom" width="492"
height="32"><br>
<!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><img src="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/images/lab-wind.gif" align="top" width="492"
height="257"> </p>
<h1>U-Net: A User-Level Network Interface Architecture</h1>
<hr>
<p>The U-Net architecture provides low-latency and high-bandwidth
communication over commodity networks for workstations and PCs.
It removes the large communication overheads found in the
standard networking layers in the operating system. U-Net defines
an architecture which allows network interfaces to be mapped
directly into user-space without compromizing protection. With
U-Net the operating system is no longer involved with the sending
and receiving of messages. This allows a much tighter integration
of computation and communication with the effect that
communication overheads are reduced dramatically. </p>
<p>U-Net is available on several platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li>PCs running Windows NT 4.0 and using a DECchip 21140
based fast ethernet interface.</li>
<li>PCs running Linux and using a DECchip 21140 based fast
ethernet interface or using a Fore Systems PCA-200 (not
PCA-200E!) ATM interface.</li>
<li>Sparcstations 10&20 running SunOS 4.1.x or Solaris
2.x and using a FORE Systems SBA-200 (not SBA-200E!) ATM
interface.</li>
</ul>
<p>Funding for the project is provided through a <a
href="http://www.ito.darpa.mil/">DARPA ITO</a> contract (ONR
contract N00014-92-J-1866). The initial versions of U-Net were
developed under contract F30602-94-C-0224 from Rome Laboratory,
Air Force Material Command. </p>
<hr>
<h2>Software</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>U-Net Alpha Release 0.9 for Windows NT 4.0</b> is
forthcoming RSN, as they say...</li>
<li><b>U-Net Release 2.0 for Unix, 10-March-1996</b> is now
available. <ul>
<li>Download the software distribution: <a
href="ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/mdw/unet/unet-2.tar.gz">unet-2.tar.gz</a>
and the <a
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/U-Net/release-docs/unet.html">Release
Documentation</a>. </li>
<li>This release supports the Linux/DC21140,
Linux/PCA-200, SunOS/SBA-200, and Solaris/SBA-200
systems mentioned above and is fairly flexible
and easy to install (some may point out, unlike
the previous release). Please send mail to <a
href="mailto:mdw@cs.cornell.edu">Matt Welsh</a>
for questions or problems about this release. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The earlier <strong>U-Net alpha Release 0.9 for Unix</strong>
is still available in <a
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/U-Net/unet-0-9.tar.gz">unet-0-9.tar.gz</a>.
There is little or no reason to use this release, except
that it includes U-Net Active Messages 1.1 and a
different implementation of <tt>libunet</tt>. </li>
</ul>
<h2>Papers and talks</h2>
<ul>
<li><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><a href="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/papers/unetmm.pdf"><strong>Incorporating Memory
Management into User-Level Network Interfaces</strong></a>,
Anindya Basu, Matt Welsh, Thorsten von Eicken, Department
of Computer Science, Cornell University, Submitted for
publication November 1996. <!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><a href="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/papers/unetmm.ps"><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><img
src="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/images/icon-ps.gif" align="top" width="18"
height="14"></a> <p><font size="2">User-level network
interfaces allow applications direct access to the
network without operating system inter-vention on every
send and receive. Messages are transferred directly to
and from user-space by the network interface while
observing the traditional protection boundaries between
processes. Current user-level network interfaces limit
this message transfer to a per-process region of
permanently-pinned physical memory to allow safe DMA.
This approach is inflexible in that it requires data to
be copied into and out of this memory region, and does
not scale to a large number of processes.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">This paper presents an extension to the
U-Net user-level network architecture (U-Net/MM) allowing
messages to be transferred directly to and from any part
of an application’s address space. This is achieved
by integrating a translation look-aside buffer into the
network interface and coordinating its operation with the
operating system’s virtual memory subsystem. This
mechanism allows network buffer pages to be pinned and
unpinned dynamically. Two implementations of U-Net/MM are
described, demonstrating that existing commodity hardware
and commercial operating systems can efficiently support
the architecture.</font></p>
</li>
<li><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><a href="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/papers/hpca97.pdf"><b>ATM and Fast Ethernet
Network Interfaces for User-level Communication</b></a>,
Matt Welsh, Anindya Basu, and Thorsten von Eicken.
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on High
Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), San Antonio,
Texas, February 1-5, 1997. <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><a href="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/papers/hpca97.ps"><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><img
src="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/images/icon-ps.gif" align="top" width="18"
height="14"></a> <!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><a href="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/papers/hpca97.ps.gz"><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><img
src="http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/U-Net/images/icon-psgz.gif" align="top" width="36"
height="14"></a> <p><font size="2"><em>Fast Ethernet and
ATM are two attractive network technologies for
interconnecting workstation clusters for parallel and
distributed computing. This paper compares network
interfaces with and without programmable co-processors
for the two types of networks using the U-Net
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