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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Notes on moving to NT</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000"><CENTER><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/voskuhl/image/NT.GIF"><H1>Notes on Moving the CSRVL to Windows NT</H1></CENTER><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><A HREF="mailto:voskuhl@cs.cornell.edu">Justin Voskuhl</A>, <I>voskuhl@cs.cornell.edu</I><P>Last Updated 18 October 1995<P><H2>CSRVL projects and Windows NT</H2>For a number of CSRVL research projects supervised by<!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><A HREF="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/rdz/rdz.html">Ramin Zabih</a> will be moving toWindowsNT. We are hopeful that this move will be supported by <!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><AHREF="http://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</A>.<H2>About Windows NT</H2><H3>What <I>is</I> Windows NT?</H3>Windows NT is Microsoft's highly portable, next-generation 32-bit Windows operating system.Even with its radically different architecture, Windows NT provides backward compatibilitywith MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, OS/2, and POSIX applications, even on non-Intel processors.<P>Windows NT is designed to be as extensible as possible. Borrowing from the design of CMU'sMach, Windows NT consists of priviledged executive, and a set of non-priviledged serverscalled protected subsystems. NT's design is unique in that protected subsystems executein user mode like applications do. This structure allows protected subsystems to be modifiedor added without affecting the integrity of the executive. In addition to protectedsubsystems, NT provides a modular executive that can be easily extended. NT representssystem resources as objects, that can only be modified through object-specific APIs.New system objects can be added without undermining existing objects. NT supports driversthat can be changed while the system is running, and NT can support new file systems,devices, networks, or transport protocols simply by writing a new driver. RPC is builtinto NT, so that an application can call remote services without regard to their locationon the network. New services can be added to any machine on the network and be madeavailable immediately.<P>Windows NT is designed to be as portable as possible. It is written primarily in C, withsmall portions written in C++. The only parts that are written in assembler are thosethat must directly talk to the hardware, and are carefully isolated from the rest ofthe system. This means there are a variety of CPUs that can run NT, including Intel x86,MIPS, PowerPC, and Alpha chips. NT can run on systems with one or more processors.<P>Windows NT provides several machanisms to increase reliability. NT responds predictablyto error conditions, even those caused by hardware failures. Structured exception handlingis used to catch software errors. Whenever an abnormal event occurs, exception handlingcode, which exists throughout the system, is automatically invoked in response to thecondition, ensuring no undetected error wreaks havoc on user programs or the system itself.In addition NT implements a new file system, called NTFS, which can recover from all kindsof disk errors, including those in critical disk sectors. It uses redundancy and a transactionbased scheme for storing data to ensure recoverability. NT security measures are C2 classgovernment certified.<P>Finally, Windows NT is designed to be fast. Each component was written with an eye towardsperformance, with each protected subsystem optimized to maximize the speed of frequentlyused system calls. To increase speed of communication between protected subsystems, Local Procedure Call facilities are provided as an integral part of the OS. Finally, networking is built into Windows NT to achieve the best possible performance.<P>In summary, Windows NT is a thoroughly modern, full-featured, highly compatible operating system for 90's and beyond.<P><I>--(Mostly) Taken from Section 1.2 of Helen Custer's "Inside Windows NT" Microsoft Press</I><H3>Why Windows NT?</H3>The gap between the performance of the typical PC and the SPARCmachines has grown smaller and smaller. At the same time,operating systems for the PC have grown more and more advanced.There are a number of reasons for moving to NT from current UNIX-basedenvironment. They include having the results of CSRVL work beingimmediately usable by the large and growing Win32 user base outside ofCornell. Also, basic hardware to run NT has a higher performance/priceratio than many of the SPARC machines available. Another advantageis using the same OS from our "low-end" Pentium PCs all the way up to SMP RISC machines.<H2>Moving to NT</H2><H3>Notes on moving to NT</H3>There are a number of issues involved in moving some of the researchin the CSRVL to Windows NT. There are both software and hardwarehurdles we need to leap before researchers can do productive workunder NT. Note we don't want to make anyone use NT who is morefamiliar with UNIX, or has reasons for doing work in UNIX. Thiswill just be another option for doing work in the CSRVL. Interoperabilitywith the existing UNIX investment is important.<H3>Hardware</H3>Right now the CSRVL is populated mostly with SPARC IPC/IPX systems, with afew SparcStation5 machines and PC clones. Soon we'll have a dual processor Micron133Mhz Pentium system as well. None of the SPARC systems will run NT, andas far as I'm aware, won't run NT in the near future. We will therefore need a number of NT workstations, which will probably be PC clones, and we'realso interested in a multi-processor system, which may be Intel orRISC. Microsoft maintains a <!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/ntserver/hcl/hclsystm.htm">list of the SMP hardware NT will run on</A>.<H3>Software</H3>Microsoft is going to provide software to completely outfit ten NT machines initially.We get to determine what "complete" means.To this end, I've put together a list of software of interest to the CSRVL.You can find descriptions of most of these products at the Microsoft web site.<UL><LI>Visual C++ 4.0 (recently released to manufacturing at MS)<LI>Windows NT Workstation 3.51<LI>Windows NT Resource Kit<LI>Visual Basic Pro 4.0<LI>Fortran PowerStation<LI>Office '95 Pro Productivity Suite<LI>Subscription to MSDN Level Two for each researcher<LI>UNIX Interoperability tools, X11 emulator, NFS software</UL><H2>Projects to Move to NT</H2> The following are brief descriptionsof projects that are ongoing in the CSRVL and could benefit fromWindows NT. <H3>Spatial Energy Histograms</H3> In many applications, colorhistograms are used to compare images. Their advantages are theirefficiency, and their insensitivity to small changes in cameraviewpoint. Their chief drawback is their lack of spatial information,which can lead images with very different appearances to have similarhistograms. We describe a histogram-based method for comparing imagesthat incorporates spatial information.<H3><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><A HREF="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/rdz/browser.html">MPEG Browser and SceneBreak Detector</A></H3> Until now we could view mpegs just like wecould watch movies. Unfortunately, we were unable to take theadvantage of digital format: I have not seen mpeg players allowinguser to skip to arbitrary frame, fast forward, rewind, etc.Even more importantly, the video was basically a sequence of frameswith no structure. But it is obvious that video higher structure thanframes: we can partition video into shots, scenes and larger chunks,like movies, tv shows, etc. We can also partition the video accodingto the content, for example we might want to select a segment of videoin which a particular actor appears.<BR> <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLESRC="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/rdz/browser_picture.gif"><BR>Mpeg_browse provides an interface for browsing video. User can playvideo, stop at arbitrary point, fast forward. What is the advantage ofMPEG Browse over other video players? MPEG Browse adds a very limited,yet useful structure to the video: it partitions the video intoshots. Based on these information, the browser can skip to the nextshot, much like a CD player can skip to the next song. The scene breakalgorithm was developed by <!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><A HREF="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/rdz/rdz.html">RaminZabih</A>, <!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><A HREF="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/jmiller/Home.html">Justin Miller</A>, and Kevin Mai. For more details about the algorithm see the webpage.<H3>ATM Camera</H3><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><A HREF="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/mdw/mdw.html">Matt Welsh</A>is designing a realtime video source for the Cornell/NYNET ATMCluster which will allow machines on the cluster to capture andprocess images at high speeds. The video source employs a framegrabberand ATM interface card both over PCI. I am implementing kernel driversfor both cards, as well as some form of Active Messages and U-Net forthis machine. The video source should be compatible with the CornellIBM SP/2 as well.<P><ADDRESS>voskuhl@cs.cornell.edu</ADDRESS></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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