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for your RMAIL frame). <p>

</dl>

<p>
<li><a name="windows-color"><b>C<font size=-1>OLORS</font></b><p>

As with other windowing attributes, Emacs uses the X Windows color
names for specifying colors on the command line and in elisp.  One set
of these names is a set of abstract color names, e.g., <b>red</b>,
<b>green</b>, and <b>blue</b>.  These names are the ones you will
typically use as arguments on the command line or in elisp functions.
Emacs also supports the use of numeric color names; see the <!WA104><!WA104><!WA104><a
href="http://www.x.org/consortium/R6doc/man/X/X">COLOR NAMES
section</a> of the X man page for complete details on how to specify
numeric color names and their color spaces. <p>

To see the abstract color names that Emacs understands and the colors
that they map to, use the menu command <b>Edit</b>-><b>Text
Properties</b>-><b>Display Colors</b>, or invoke the
<tt>list-colors-display</tt> function in the *scratch* buffer: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>(list-colors-display)</tt>
</blockquote>

If you would like to change the mapping of color names to RGB values,
or to add new color names to Emacs, then you will want to modify the
alist <b>win32-color-map</b>.  To make changes, you can simply cons
new mappings onto the head of the alist: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>(setq win32-color-map (cons '("snow" . 16448255) win32-color-map))</tt>
</blockquote>

The number in the element is the logical OR of three values for the
red, green, and blue components: (B &lt&lt 16 | G &lt&lt 8 | R).  In
the example above, red is 255, green is 250, and blue is 250.  At some
point there will be support for reading in files with color mappings
to make this process a little easier. <p>

<dl>

<dt><b>User Interface</b>

<dd>To change the foreground or background color in Emacs through the
windowing interface, you can use the menu commands <b>Foreground
Color</b>-><b>Other</b> and <b>Background Color</b>-><b>Other</b> in
the <b>Edit</b>-><b>Text Properties</b> menu. <p>

<dt><b>Command Line</b>

<dd>To change the foreground or background color in Emacs on
the command line, you can use the <b>-fg</b> and <b>-bg</b>
command line arguments.  For example, to start Emacs with yellow
text on a black background, invoke Emacs using: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>emacs -fg yellow -bg black</tt>
</blockquote>

<dt><b>Emacs Lisp</b>

<dd>You can use elisp functions to change the colors of any of the
Emacs faces.  For example, to change the foreground or background
color of Emacs, you can use the <tt>set-foreground-color</tt> and
<tt>set-background-color</tt> functions.  To change the color of an
arbitrary face, use the <tt>set-face-foreground</tt> and
<tt>set-face-background</tt> functions.  To change the color of the
cursor, use the <tt>set-cursor-color</tt> function.<p>

The following elisp changes the background color to black: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>(set-background-color "black")</tt>
</blockquote>

The following elisp changes the mode line foreground to firebrick: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>(set-face-foreground 'modeline "firebrick")</tt>
</blockquote>

The following elisp changes the cursor color to purple: <p>

<blockquote>
<tt>(set-cursor-color "purple")</tt>
</blockquote>

</dl>

<p>
<li><a name="windows-frames"><b>F<font size=-1>RAMES</font></b><p>

Emacs uses two alists to determine the default appearances of frames,
<tt>default-frame-alist</tt> and <tt>initial-frame-alist</tt>.  The
<tt>default-frame-alist</tt> variable sets the basic defaults of all
frames.  Since it is a common Emacs usage to have the initial frame
have slightly different properties than other frames (e.g., its
position), you can use the <tt>initial-frame-alist</tt> variable to
override properties in <tt>default-frame-alist</tt> specially for the
initial frame.  You should definitely read the help text for these
variables (C-h v) for more details on the differences between the two
variables and how they interact with each other. <p>

Below is an example of using <tt>default-frame-alist</tt> and
<tt>initial-frame-alist</tt> to configure the appearances of the
initial frame and all other frames (you would place this code in your
<!WA105><!WA105><!WA105><a href="#startup">startup file</a>).  With
<tt>default-frame-alist</tt>, we set the top left corner of new frames
to be at pixel offset +200+400, the width and height to be 80x40, the
cursor to be white, the foreground to be yellow, the background to be
black, and the font to be Courier 10.  With
<tt>initial-frame-alist</tt>, we override the top left corner of the
initial frame to be at pixel offset +10+30, and inherit the remaining
properties for the initial frame from
<tt>default-frame-alist</tt>. <p>

<blockquote><pre>
(setq default-frame-alist
      '((top . 200) (left . 400)
	(width . 80) (height . 40)
	(cursor-color . "white")
	(foreground-color . "yellow")
	(background-color . "black")
	(font . "-*-Courier-normal-r-*-*-13-97-*-*-c-*-*-ansi-")))

(setq initial-frame-alist '((top . 10) (left . 30)))
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
<li><a name="windows-italics"><b>I<font size=-1>TALICS</font></b><p>

Emacs currently requires that italic versions of fonts have the same
width as the normal version of the font.  However, most of the default
fonts have italic and italic bold versions whose character widths are
larger than the normal version (the only default font that appears to
have viable italic and bold versions is Courier New).  Because of
this, Emacs by default disables the use of italic faces. <p>

You can still enable the use of italic faces with Emacs by setting the
variable <tt>win32-enable-italics</tt> to <tt>t</tt> in your startup
file:

<blockquote><pre>
(setq win32-enable-italics t)  ; This must be done before font settings!
(set-face-font 'italic "-*-Courier New-normal-i-*-*-11-82-c-*-*-ansi-")
(set-face-font 'bold-italic "-*-Courier New-bold-i-*-*-11-82-c-*-*-ansi-")
</pre></blockquote>

Although this works best with Courier New, there is still one minor
glitch: the italics versions are one pixel higher than the other
versions, so the line spacing is increased by a pixel when italics are
enabled. <p>

<center>
<h3><a name="console-attributes">Console Interface</h3>
</center>

Emacs can also run inside a console window.  Simply invoke Emacs with
the -nw command line option to do so.  Although you cannot change the
size, font, or color of the window from within Emacs, you can use the
window's menu to do so.  (If no icon has been created to invoke the
Emacs batch file, then you'll have to create one to change these
attributes.) <p>

<li><a name="console-size"><b>S<font size=-1>IZE</font></b><p>

Under NT, go to the upper left hand corner and open the "-" menu of
the console window.  Select "Screen Size and Position...", and use the
dialog to set the window to the size you want.  Be sure to check the
"Save Window Size and Position" checkbox so that future invocations
will retain the new window size.  After closing the dialog box, resize
the window itself by dragging on the edges.<p>

Under Win95, click on the properties icon in the icon
toolbar at the top of the window.  Go to the "Screen" tab and select
the desired window size in the "Usage" panel.  Click on "OK". <p>

<li><a name="console-position"><b>P<font size=-1>OSITION</font></b><p>

To reposition Emacs, click on the title bar of the console window
and drag it. <p>

<li><a name="console-font"><b>F<font size=-1>ONT</font></b><p>

Under NT, open the "-" menu.  Select "Fonts...", and use
the dialog to set the window font to the one you want.  Be sure to
check the "Save Configuration" checkbox so that your font change will
be used in future invocations.  Click on "OK", and the window will get
resized. <p>.

Under Win95, simply use the popup font menu in the upper
left-hand corner of the window.  Or click on the font icon in the icon
toolbar.  Or click on the properties icon in the icon toolbar and go
to the "Font" tab and choose the font that you want to use. <p>

<li><a name="console-color"><b>C<font size=-1>OLOR</font></b><p>

Under the NT interface, open the "-" menu.  Select "Screen Colors...",
and use the dialog to choose the colors you want to use for the
window.  Be sure to check the "Save Configuration" checkbox so that
the colors are used in future invocations.  Click on "OK".
Unfortunately, the colors are not immediately used, but the changes
have been made.  To use the new colors, simply close the window and
use the icon to start Emacs again.  Emacs will then come up using the
colors you chose before. <p>

I'm not exactly sure how to change the colors on a per-console-window
basis under Win95. <p>

</ul>

<hr>
<h3><a name="startup">Where do I put my .emacs (or _emacs) file?</h3>

Your startup file can be named either _emacs or .emacs, and should be
placed in your "home" directory.  If you have both files in your home
directory, Emacs will load the .emacs file and ignore _emacs.  Also,
if you have a version of Emacs older than 19.31, Emacs will only
recognized _emacs as the startup file. <p>

Your home directory is where the HOME configuration variable tells
Emacs it is.  As with the other Emacs configuration variables, HOME
can be set in a number of ways:

<ul>

<li><b>Environment variable:</b> Emacs will always first check to see
if you have an environment variable named HOME set and use that value
as your home directory.  Under Win95, you can set the HOME environment
variable in your autoexec.bat file; under NT, you can set the HOME
environment variable in the System panel of the Control Panel.  (Note
that if you set HOME as an environment variable in the System panel it
will only take effect in new processes.)  <p>

<li><b>Registry:</b> If Emacs doesn't find an environment variable
named HOME, it will check the registry for a value named HOME and use
that value as your home directory.  Emacs first checks the key
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\GNU\\Emacs", and then the key
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\GNU\\Emacs" (although the use of the
latter key is discouraged since HOME should be set on a per-user
basis, not on a per-machine basis).  Note that the value of HOME is
<i>not</i> set by the addpm.exe program that initializes the registry
with the other Emacs configuration variables. <p>

</ul>

If Emacs cannot find HOME set in any of the above locations, it will
assume your HOME directory is "C:\".  <p>

The directory specified by HOME is also the directory substituted for
tildes (~) in file names (so, by definition, your startup file will be
in the directory "~\"). <p>

<hr>
<h3><a name="capscontrol">How do I swap CapsLock and Control?</h3>

CapsLock and Control cannot be swapped from within Emacs, and Windows
does not have a convenient mechanism like xmodmap to change virtual
key bindings.  Instead, new keyboard layouts or device drivers need to
be installed to swap the two keys. <p>

<b>W<font size=-1>ARNING</font>:</b> If you use a new keyboard layout
to switch CapsLock and Control, beware of the option to use hotkey
sequences to switch keyboard layouts.  This option is in Control
Panel->Keyboard under the Language (Win95) or Input Locales (NT) tabs;
the sequences themselves are "Left Alt+Control" and "Ctrl+Shift".  If
you enable one of these options, then you will likely at some point
switch keyboard layouts while trying to use an Emacs key
combination. <p>

<b>NT 4.0:</b>  For NT 4.0, check out <!WA106><!WA106><!WA106><a href="http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/winntutil.html">swapcapslock.zip</a>. <p>

<b>NT 3.5, 3.51:</b> James Kittock has provided a program for NT that
installs a new keyboard layout with the two keys swapped.  Once
installed, you can then select it using the "International" control
panel applet. <p>

<ul>
<li><!WA107><!WA107><!WA107><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs/contrib/README.keyswap.txt">README</a>
<li><!WA108><!WA108><!WA108><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs/contrib/keyswap.tar">keyswap.tar</a>
</ul>

<b>Win95:</b> Microsoft has placed a keyboard remapping program for
Win95 on their ftp site.  For more info, take a look at their <!WA109><!WA109><!WA109><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software/krnltoy.htm">Kernel
Toys</a> page. <p>

Mark Russinovich has also written a freeware VxD that swaps CapsLock
and Control under Windows 95.  (I've been told that you might have to
hit the real Control key once after installing the VxD to jumpstart
the mapping.)

<ul>
<li><!WA110><!WA110><!WA110><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs/contrib/ctrl2cap.doc">README</a>
<li><!WA111><!WA111><!WA111><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs/contrib/ctrl2cap.txt">source</a>
<li><!WA112><!WA112><!WA112><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs/contrib/ctrl2cap.vxd.tar">ctrl2cap.vxd.tar</a>
</ul>