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Date: Wed, 08 Jan 1997 21:25:11 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.2Content-type: text/html<html><head><title>Smalltalk quiz sample solution</title></head><body> For many of these questions, there were a number of reasonablesolutions. I've tried to pick ones that are clean, somewhat efficient,but not overly tricky. <p> I haven't actually typed this code in and tried to run it, so Iapologize in advance for any typos. <P><OL><LI> <DL><DT> (a)<DD> <pre>max: aNumber ^ self > aNumber ifTrue: [^self] ifFalse: [^aNumber]</pre><DT> (b)<DD> <pre>isBigger: aCollection ^ self size > aCollection size</pre><DT> (c)<DD> <pre>isNumeric self do: [:elem| elem isNumber ifFalse: [^false]] . ^true</pre><DT> (d)<DD> <pre>numOccurances: anObject | counter | counter := 0 . self do: [:elem | elem == anObject ifTrue: [ counter := counter + 1 ] . ^ counter </pre><DT> (e)<DD> <pre>sumSquares: aCollection | sum | sum := 0 . self isNumeric ifFalse: [ self error: 'Non numeric collection' ] . self do: [:elem| sum := sum + (elem * elem)]. ^sum</pre></DL><LI> <DL> <DT> (a)<DD> I was looking for a discussion that clearly articulated thesetwo main points: <UL><LI> There is only one copy of the class variable, which is shared byall instances of the class. Each instance of the class gets its own,private, copy of the instance variable. This distinction betweenshared and non-shared variables was the big idea.<LI> A secondary idea was that class variables are accessible (may beread/written) from both class and instance methods, while instance variables can only beaccessed from instance methods, and thus have more limited visibility.</UL><DT> (b)<DD> <DL><DT> Account instance methods<DD> <pre>serviceAccount self subclassResponsibility</pre><DT> CheckingAccount instance methods<DD> <pre>serviceAccount self assessServiceCharge</pre><DT> SavingsAccount instance methods<DD> <pre>serviceAccount self payInterest</pre><DT> Collection instance methods<DD> <pre>serviceAccounts self do: [:acct| acct serviceAccount] .</pre></DL><DT> (c)<DD><pre>showDifference "Returns 5 if instance variables, 6 if class variable" |a b| a := SomeClass new: 2 b := SomeClass new: 3 ^ a access + b access</pre> </DL><LI> To implement add:, I used an approach based on double dispatching,which is how this kind of thing is usually actually done in theSmalltalk standard library. There were a number of other solutionsthat were perfectly fine (based on sending an isNumber, or isInteger,or isComplex message to the argument of add). <P><DL><DT> Class defintion<DD> <pre>Number subclass: #ComplexNumber instanceVariableName: 'real imaginary' classVariableName: '' category: 'Magnitude-Numbers'</pre><DT> Complex Number Class Methods<DD> <pre>new ^self real: 0 imaginary: 0real: aNumber imaginary: anotherNumber ^ super new real: aNumber imaginary: anotherNumber</pre><DT> Complex Number Instance Methods<DD> <pre>real: aNumber imaginary: anotherNumber real := aNumber . imaginary := anotherNumber . ^self real ^ realimaginary ^ imaginaryadd: aNumber ^ aNumber addWithComplex selfaddWithComplex: aComplexNumber "The first version of the add method looked like this" |r i| r := self real + aComplexNumber real . i := self imaginary + aComplexNumber imaginary . ^ self class real: r imaginary: imultiply: aComplexNumber "If I was really doing this, I'd do double dispatching again" |r i| r := (self real * aComplexNumber real) - (self imaginary + aComplexNumber imaginary) . i := (self real * aComplexNumber imaginary) + (self imaginary * aComplexNumber real) . ^ self class real: r imaginary: i</pre><DT> Number Instance Methods<DD> <pre>addWithComplex aComplexNumber ^ (ComplexNumber real: self imaginary: 0) add: aComplexNumber</pre></DL></OL><hr><address>cse341-webmaster@cs.washington.edu</address></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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