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Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 03:33:34 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.2Content-type: text/html<html><head><title>The XII planner</title><!-- Changed by: Keith Golden, 12-Jun-1996 --></head><body><h1>The XII Planner</h1><p>Classical planners presuppose correct andcomplete information about the world. Although recent work hassketched a number of algorithms for planning with incompleteinformation, substantial problems remain before these planners can be applied toreal-world domains. Since the presence of incomplete informationinvalidates the Closed World Assumption, an agent cannot deduce that afact is false based on its absence from the agent's world model. Thisleads to two challenges:<ul><li> <b> Satisfying Universally Quantified Goals: </b> Goals of the form ``Move all widgets to the warehouse'' or ``Make all files in /tex write protected'' are common in real world domains. Classicalplanners such as PRODIGY or <!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><ahref="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/ucpop.html">UCPOP</a>satisfy universally quantified goals by computing the set of groundinstances of the goal. But how can a planner compute this set in theabsence of complete information? Sometimes it may have to sense<i>which</i> widgets or <i>which</i> files are present beforegenerating its plan.<li> <b> Avoiding Redundant Sensing:</b> Should the planner insert a sensory action (e.g., scan with the camera, or the UNIX command ls) into its plan? Or is the action <i>redundant</i>, yielding information already known to the planner? Since satisfying the preconditions of a sensory action can require arbitrary planning, the cost of redundant sensing is potentially unbounded and quite large in practice.</ul>This paper reports on the fully-implemented XII planner (XII standsfor ``eXecution and Incomplete Information'') which addresses thesechallenges. We allow incomplete information, but assume theinformation that <i>is</i> known is correct. XII's planning algorithmis based on UCPOP, but XII interleaves planning and execution(following IPEM) and, unlike UCPOP, does not make the closed worldassumption. XII uses closed world reasoning to avoid redundantinformation gathering and to solve universally quantified goals in thepresence of incomplete information.<P> <!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC=http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/xii-dudes.gif> The folks behind XII: <!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><A HREF = "http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/weld.html"> Dan Weld</A>,<!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><A HREF = "http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/kgolden"> Keith Golden</A>, <!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><A HREF = "http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/etzioni.html"> Oren Etzioni</A>.<P> <I> A <!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><AHREF="file://cs.washington.edu/pub/ai/tr94-01-03.ps.Z"> shortpaper</A> (to appear at AAAI-94) describing XII, (also available in <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/omnipotence/closed-world.html">html</A>) and a<!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><A HREF="file://cs.washington.edu/pub/ai/tr94-01-02.ps.Z"> a moretheoretical paper</A> (to appear at KR'94) describing <i>localclosed world information</i>, a key contribution of this work. </body><P><HR><table><tr valign=center> <td align=center> <!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><A HREF ="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/homepage.html"> <!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><IMG width=100 height=49 Align=top SRC="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/homepage.icon.gif" alt="[homepage Button]"></A></td> <th colspan=20> </th> <td align=left> Back to <!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><A HREF = "http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/ai/www/homepage.html">AI Home Page</A> </td></tr></table><table><tr valign=center> <td align=center> <!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><A HREF ="http://www.cs.washington.edu"> <!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><IMG width=100 height=49 Align=top SRC="http://www.cs.washington.edu/general/sptm_s.gif" alt="[CSE Button]"></A></td> <th colspan=20> </th> <td align=left> Back to <!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><A HREF = "http://www.cs.washington.edu">CSE Home Page</A> </td></tr></table> <address> For more information, send mail to "bug-ucpop@cs.washington.edu". </address> </html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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