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Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 17:44:53 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.2Content-type: text/htmlLast-modified: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 00:43:13 GMTContent-length: 8562<html><head> <title>CoImage: Activities using Cooperatively Controlled Objects</title></head><body BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000><table> <tr> <td align=center> <!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><img align=left src=http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/coop.gif> </td> <td align=left> <h1> CoImage: Activities using Cooperatively Controlled Objects </h1> <P> <!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker">Lauren Bricker</A>, <!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/marla">Marla Baker</A>, and <!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/tanimoto">Steve Tanimoto</A><br> <address> <!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/">Department of Computer Science & Engineering,</a> <br> <!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><a href="ftp://ftp.u.washington.edu/public/">University of Washington,</a> Box 352350, <br> <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/area/">Seattle, WA</a> 98195-2350 USA </address> </td> </tr></table><hr> <h2>Project Goal</H2> <P> The goal of this project is to design and develop a softwarepackage to support the implementation of collaborative learningactivities. This package will include a shell application, anapplication program interface (API), and a hierarchy of objects. Thepackage supports the development of end-user educational programs thatenforce a tightly synchronized interaction and facilitatecommunication and cooperation between two or more users.<H2>What is a Cooperatively Controlled Object?</H2><H3>Definition of a Cooperatively Controlled Object</H3> <P>In object-oriented terminology, an object contains state and hasbehavior. We define a controlled object to be an object containingmethods which allows users to manipulate properties of that object. Acooperatively controlled object (CCO) is a controlled object which maybe simultaneously manipulated by one or more users. CCOs may bemanipulated using general methods, such as constraints between userinputs and application objects. <P> A CCO differs from a fine-grained shared object (FGSO) in anumber of ways. One major difference is the nature of therelationship between the object and how it is controlled. The morecomplicated this relationship, the more the object is CooperativelyControlled. One method for quantifying how complicated the control ofan object is, is by measuring the input degrees of freedom requiredfor moving the object. Thus a CCO has requires more inputs than aFGSO.<H3>Example</H3> <P>Figure 1 shows an example where a point is controlled by decomposingit into its x and y coordinates which are modified by separate users.A cooperatively controlled point, on the other hand, may involve amore general functional relationship between user inputs andcontrolled properties. For example, the controlled point could bedetermined by the intersection of two lines controlled by four users,each user directly manipulating the location of one of two points on aline with a mouse.<P><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><img src=http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/fgso.gif><P> Figure 1. Controlling the location of a point using a fine-grainedsharing technique.<P><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><img src=http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/cco.gif><P>Figure 2. Cooperatively controlling the location of a point.<H3>Discussion</H3> <P> CCOs and FGSOs are different in how synchronous the actions ofthe users must be. The interaction between users of a FGSO is not, bydefinition, synchronous. A CCO, on the other hand, may require morethan one user to synchronously manipulate the object. A good exampleof this is a symphony orchestra. One person could, in principle, recordthe various orchestra parts of a symphony track by track, but the aremore subtle interactions when a whole group plays the musicsimultaneously. In order to ensure that users control an objectsynchronously, all users must be informed that their input is neededin the manipulation of that object. For example, if a user wishes tomanipulate an object, they would select a specific tool and use thatto modify that object. In the our current design, the user coloredcursor changes shape to indicate which tool is being used and theobject will sprout "handles" which matching the user's color tosignify which users need to "help."<H2>CoImage Activities</H2> <P> We have currently designed and partially implemented three collaborative activities. The first one was based on the <!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/metip">Mathematics Experiences Through Image Processing (METIP)</A><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/metip/warper.html">Image Warper</A>. The interface looks very similar, but students can cooperatively interact with a line by each selecting an endpoint and moving them simultaneously. <P> <!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><IMG SRC="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/cowarp.gif"> <P> Our second activity, designed by <!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/marla">Marla Baker</A>, is a collaborative puzzle activity. Currently each puzzle piece is modifiedby a single user (although users can work simultaneously), but eventuallyusers will be forced to rotate each piece together. <P> <!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><IMG SRC="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/copuz.gif"> <P> Our third activity is the cooperative Etch-a-sketch(tm). In this activity, users manipulate a point to draw a picture on the screen. Currently thepoint is shared by scroll bars controlling the x and y coordinates, but we willsoon implement other cooperative control of the drawing point. <P> <!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><IMG SRC="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/gif/coetch.gif"><H2>CoImage on the internet</H2> <P> The CCOs described here are not limited to a co-presentsituation. Eventually these objects will be implemented for distance,internet based collaboration. Until then, you can use a single user versionof CoImage across the internet by following <!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/netcoimage.html">these</A> instructions.<H2>Previous work</H2><ul><li><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/metip/coop.html">METIP/MultiIn Multiplayer Activities</a>. <li>Lauren's <!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/general.ps">generals</a> paper entitled Designs forComputer-Supported Cooperative Learning in Mathematics. <li>An accepted to <!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><a href="http://www.cica.indiana.edu:80/cscl95">CSCL '95</a> entitled <!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/coopact.ps">Multiplayer Activities that Develop Mathematical Coordination</a>.<li>Lauren's attempt to <!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/CSC_cat.html">categorize </a> CSCW/CSCL.<li>An analysis of a number of collaborative applications from whichLauren has derived a list of <!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><ahref="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/CSC_features.html#others">features</a> they support, and,from this, a list of <!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><ahref="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/CSC_features.html#ours">features</a> we'd like to support.<LI><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><A HREF="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker/edmedia.html">Our</A> paper to <!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><A HREF="http://aace.virginia.edu/aace/conf/edmedia.html">Ed Media '96</A> entitled CoImage - a Cooperatively Controlled Image Warper</ul><H2>Interesting related web sites</H2><ul><li><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><a href="http://www.cica.indiana.edu:80/cscl95">Computer SupportedCollaborative Learning (CSCL) </a> conference web page.<li><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><a href="http://www11.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/cscw/yp/">The unOfficialYellow Pages of CSCW</a> <li><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><a href="http://market.net/literary/mkp/pages/2410/index.html">Readings in Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Assisting Human-Human Collaboration</a><li><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><a href="http://www.covis.nwu.edu/">The CoVis Web Server</a> <li>The <!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><a href="http://www.ilog.com:80/ilog/products/server/server.html">Ilog Server</a> and the <!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><a href="http://www.ilog.com:80/ilog/products/broker/broker.html">Ilog Brocker</a>.<li><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><a href="http://orgwis.gmd.de/">The CSCW Research Group</a> <li><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><a href="http://www11.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/cscw/">The CSCW web page from TUM Informatik</a><li>Boy the University of Calgary has been busy in this area<ul><li><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><a href="http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/projects/grouplab/home.html">The Grouplab project</a><li><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><a href="http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca:80/articles/WGCollabLearn/">Comparing Constructions through the Web</a><li><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><a href="http://Tiger.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/WebGrid/WebGrid.html">WebGrid: a WWW PCP Server</a></ul><li><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><a href="http://www.icbl.hw.ac.uk/papers/csclw.html">Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Workshop</a><li><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><a href="http://acsl.cs.uiuc.edu/kaplan/worlds.html">The wOrlds Project</a></ul><p> CoImage is supported in part by the Washington Technology Centerand <!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><A HREF="http://www.arkspace.com">Ark Interface II</A>, a Packard Bell Company.<body><p> <hr><address> <!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/bricker">bricker@cs.washington.edu</a> <br> Last modified: Fri Mar 30 1995 3:15:00pm pdt</address></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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