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Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 15:07:30 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.2Content-type: text/htmlLast-modified: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 18:30:32 GMTContent-length: 10600<html><head><title>CRA House Science Committee Oral Testimony</title></head><body><center><b>Oral Testimony of</b><h3><!WA0><!WA0><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/lazowska/lazowska.html">EdwardD. Lazowska</a></h3><h3><!WA1><!WA1><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/">Chair, Department of ComputerScience & Engineering<br><!WA2><!WA2><a href="http://www.washington.edu/">University of Washington</a></h3><b>and</b><h3>Chair, Government Affairs Committee<br><!WA3><!WA3><a href="http://cra.org/">Computing Research Association</a></h3><b>U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science<br>Subcommittee on Basic Research<br>Hearing on the High Performance Computing and Communications Program<p>October 31, 1995</b></center><p>Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for theopportunity to testify on the subject of the High PerformanceComputing and Communications program.<p>My name is Ed Lazowska. I head the Department of Computer Science& Engineering at the University of Washington. I was a member of therecent National Research Council committee to examine the status ofthe HPCC Initiative, about which Ivan Sutherland has testified. Ialso serve on the Board of Directors of the Computing ResearchAssociation. Today I'm here to represent the members of the ComputingResearch Association: nearly 200 industrial research laboratories andacademic programs in computer science and computer engineering, wherethe nation's cutting-edge research and graduate education in thesefields takes place.<p>The Computing Research Association strongly endorses the key findingsof the NRC study which were discussed by Ivan Sutherland in histestimony. To recap:<ul><li>There has been mind-boggling progress in information technology,which pervades most aspects of our lives and most aspects of oureconomy.<li>The nation that leads in information technology enjoys enormouscompetitive advantages.<li>America owns this leadership today, thanks to a complex interplaybetween government, academia, and industry. The record is crystalclear.<li>The government's role also is crystal clear. Industry can affordto look ahead only a few years, but as a nation, we can and mustinvest for the long term. By-and-large, this work takes place inuniversities, with government support.<li>The HPCC program is a major success:<ul><li>The emphasis on "high performance" is appropriate: cutting-edgeinformation technology is a window on the future -- a "timemachine."<li>The emphasis on parallel computing is a success: while there ismuch more to be done, its viability is clear, and many importantproblems in all areas of science and engineering have beentackled.<li>The inter-agency coordination and cooperation is workingextremely well.</ul></ul>The Computing Research Association believes that continuedauthorization of the HPCC program elements -- that is, continuedfunding in these critical research areas, and continued strengtheningof the inter-agency process -- is essential to the nation. Here'swhy:<h3>1. The HPCC program <i>is</i> the nation's research and education program ininformation technology</h3>HPCC is the coordinated multi-agency initiative that supports nearlyall of our nation's fundamental research and graduate education ininformation technology.<p>HPCC is much more than the supercomputer centers -- although thesupercomputer centers are multi-dimensional and make a wide variety ofcontributions to science and engineering -- from astrophysics tozoology, and including <i>computer</i> science and engineering.<p>HPCC is much more than the highest performance systems -- although thehighest performance systems are indeed time machines offering a windowonto the future, and although the path from cutting edge to desktop isdirect and rapid.<p>HPCC is systems, software, networking, human resources, and thetechnology and applications for the nation's informationinfrastructure.<p>Information technology is our nation's future. The HPCC program isour nation's research and education program in information technology.<h3>2. HPCC's inter-agency coordination has been a model success</h3>To maximize the likelihood of success in risky endeavors requiresmultiple agencies with multiple approaches. These agencies can andshould be coordinated. They can't and shouldn't be tightly managed.There are lots of specific examples of successful coordination inHPCC:<ul><li>the supercomputer centers<li>the gigabit testbeds<li>the digital library initiative<li>the Strategic Implementation Plan of the National Science andTechnology Council's Committee on Information and Communications</ul>And beyond these and other specific examples, agencies such as NSF andARPA have fundamentally different and complementary "styles" that havestood us in good stead.<h3>3. The HPCC program has proven to be appropriately flexible andadaptable</h3>Fundamental research is by its very nature unpredictable. When Lewisand Clark were exploring America's geographical frontier, they had astrategic objective. But things didn't always turn out exactly asplanned: there were false starts, and changes in direction andemphasis.<p>So it is with HPCC, as we explore America's technological frontier.The name has stayed the same, but the program has evolved and adapted:<ul><li>the focus on software has increased dramatically<li>the focus on communications has increased dramatically<li>the entire Information Infrastructure Technology and Applicationscomponent was added to the program, with its increased emphasis onresearch issues related to "horizontal scale" (that is, ubiquity)in addition to "vertical scale" (performance)</ul>HPCC has proven its ability to adapt.<h3>4. A strategic plan for the future exists</h3>Though much is done, much remains to do. The National Science andTechnology Council's Committee on Information and Communications,chaired by Anita Jones, who has just testified, last spring produced aStrategic Implementation Plan. The plan identified six StrategicFocus Areas:<ul><li>global-scale information infrastructure technologies<li>high performance / scalable systems<li>high confidence systems<li>virtual environments<li>user-centered interfaces and tools<li>human resources and education</ul>Within these areas are critical "core" topics such as software forboth computation and communication, "infrastructure" topics such as"middleware" to support broad classes of information infrastructureapplications, and "applications" from the domains of many federalagencies -- the real technology drivers and paradigm shift agents.Applications such as "computational prototyping": complete design andprototyping by computer, leading to reduced design time and increasedquality.<p>The Computing Research Association strongly endorses the CIC StrategicPlanning effort and the directions that it has identified.<h3>5. The role of universities and the federal government is critical</h3>The historical track record is clear: over the course of manydecades, federally-supported university research has played a criticalrole in essentially every aspect of information technology:timesharing, computer networking, workstations, computer graphics,database technology, Very Large Scale Integrated circuit design,Reduced Instruction Set Computer architectures, I/O subsystems basedupon Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks, parallel computing, andothers.<p>I serve on the 6-person Technical Advisory Board for Microsoft. Overthe past five years, Microsoft discovered that in order to create newmarkets it needed new technologies in areas such as data compression,encryption, networking, 3D computer graphics, operating systems,statistical decision theory, and so forth. As demonstrated by theBrooks/Sutherland report, without America's research universities,these and other technologies would not be available to spur our worldleadership.<p>Universities look to the future. The HPCC program has been a hugesuccess in allowing them to see the future through the "time machine"phenomenon. It's important to emphasize that the university researchcarried out under the HPCC program avoids picking winners and losers.The purpose of publicly funded research in high technology fields isto advance knowledge and create new opportunities that industry canexploit in the medium and long term -- not to determine how the marketshould develop.<p>Universities transfer technology in two ways:<ul><li>They transfer ideas: by granting patent licenses, and by placingconcepts in the public domain.<li>They transfer people: students and faculty leave to join or formcompanies.</ul>Close industry/university interactions facilitate this technologytransfer, as well as the exchange of insights about long-termstrategic directions.<p>It's this pattern of innovation and technology transfer -- the fluidinteraction between academia and industry -- that has made America theworld leader in information technology, and that will help us maintainthis critical lead.<h3>Summary</h3>Mr. Chairman, the Computing Research Association believes thatcontinued authorization of the HPCC program elements -- that is,continued funding in these critical research areas, and continuedstrengthening of the inter-agency process -- is essential to thenation.<p>We believe that the authorization should be flexible in its approach,focused on fundamental research in a broad range of strategic areasand allowing adaptation as new research targets of opportunity appear.The research areas described in the CIC Strategic Plan provide anexcellent framework. We need to increase the focus on software forHPCC -- on both the computation and the communication side. And weneed to keep in mind that applications are important research driversand paradigm shifters -- applications such as those covered by theInformation Infrastructure Technology and Applications component ofthe HPCC program and the User-Centered Interfaces and Tools componentof the CIC Strategic Plan.<p>I understand the extraordinary constraints under which thisSubcommittee is working. The Federal investment in informationtechnology research, though, has been incredibly small compared to thepayoff.<p>Thank you for this opportunity to testify.<p><hr>Back to <!WA4><!WA4><a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/lazowska/cra/">Computing Research: Driving Information Technologyand the Information Industry Forward</a>(http://cra.org/research.impact)</body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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