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Date: Wed, 08 Jan 1997 21:30:08 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.2Content-type: text/html<html><head><title>Using the GNU Emacs/Common Lisp Interface</TITLE></title></head><body><h2><center>Using the GNU Emacs/Common Lisp Interface</center></h2><hr><b>Executive Summary:</b> <i>This document is designed to help you getstarted using Lisp with emacs on the </i>MSCC<i> accounts. It isn't acomplete set of what's available to you, but rather is designed to getyou started using a minimal set of useful functions.</i><hr><h3>Introduction</h3>For the first part of the course you will be programming in Lisp.Although historically there have been more versions of this language than you would even want to know about, in recent years there has been convergence on one language definition: CommonLisp, and there is even a book "Common Lisp: The Language" that is considered the Bible of Lisp now. <p> We will be using an implementation called Allegro CommonLisp (or AllegroCL for short), which is one of the more heavy-duty industrial implementations out there. Allegro CL is sold by Franz Incorporated. (Historicalnote: the origin of the name Franz was because the product was originally called Franz Lisp, which people thought was prettydarned funny at the time.)<p>One of the nice things about AllegroCL is that it comes with a nicepackage for integrating the process of writing and debugging code within a single Emacs session. The basic idea is that you have one "process buffer" open in which Lisp is constantly running, then one or more "editor buffers" each one of which shows a file with some Lisp code in it. The interface allows you to do things like point to a function definition in an editor buffer and send it automatically to the Lisp process, get online entries from the CommonLisp manual, find out where a particular function is defined and automatically pop up an editor window for it, and so on.<p>It's worth experimenting with this package a bit: it really will make your life a lot easier! I'll try to show you some of the cool features in class too.<hr><h3> Getting started</h3>To use this environment, you must do the following:<p>Create a file called .emacs in your home directory (if it doesn't alreadyexist) and put the following line in it:<p><pre> (load "~c341/.emacs")</pre>Create a file called .clinit.cl in your home directory and put the following line in it:<p><pre> (load "~c341/.clinit.cl")</pre>Now, when you start up emacs to edit a Lisp file (the Lisp file must havean extension of .cl or .lisp) you will automatically be put into an Emacs mode called "CommonLisp" mode. This mode will do things like balance parentheses and indent your code automatically, and will also allow you to send function definitions directly to the Lisp process.<p>For example, typing<pre> emacs foo.cl </pre>will open the file foo.cl for editing in a special Common Lisp mode buffer that allows you to do things like skip forward and backwardby S-expressions, look up the definition of a symbol in the online Common Lisp manual, get a list of what functions call a particular function, and so on.<p><hr><h2> Important emacs commands to know</h2>NOTE- for the following commands, "C-" means hitting the control key<p>The following commands work regardless of the mode of yourcurrent Emacs buffer:<ul><li> Type C-x C-c to exit emacs. If you have not saved your file, it willask you if you want to save it.<li> Type C-x C-s to save changes to the current file<li> Type C-x C-w to save the current file to a new file - you will be prompted for a file name<li> Type C-x b to switch to another buffer (that you had already workedwith in this session.<li> Type C-x C-f to open another file.<li> Type C-x 2 to split the emacs window into two panes.<li> Type C-x o to go back and forth between the 2 window.<li> Type C-x 1 to go revert the display to a single window.</ul><p>These commands are special to buffers in "Common Lisp mode," which is the mode assigned to any buffer open to a file with an extension of <tt>.cl</tt>:<ul><li> Type C-c l to go from your Lisp file to the Lisp interpreter. This will also start up the Lisp interpreter if it is not already running.<li> Type C-c e to go from the Lisp interpreter to the Lisp file most recently edited<li> Type C-c b to send the currrent buffer to the Lisp interpreter to be evaluated.<li> Type C-c C-b to do the same thing as C-c b AND switch to the Lisp buffer<li> Type C-c d to evaluate the current defun in the Lisp interpreter<li> Type C-c c to compile the current defun in the Lisp interpreter<li> Type C-c C-a to go to the beginning of the current defun<li> Type C-c C-e to go the end of the current defun.<li> Type C-c . (control C followed by a period) to find out where a function is defined<li> Type <tt>ESC-X fi:clman</tt> to get the Common Lisp manual entry for some symbol.</ul><p>When you are in the Lisp interpreter buffer, C-c C-p recalls the previousexpression typed to Lisp, and C-c C-n recalls the next expression (ifyou are at an earlier one).<p><hr><h3> Example</h3>Begin the session by typing "emacs foo.cl". Emacs will start a Lispsession and display a buffer for editing foo.cl.<p>Now you can type C-c l to start a Lisp session and put you in it. Youcan switch back and forth between the editing buffer and the inferiorLisp buffer using C-c l as well.<p>Emacs will prompt you for several things when you first start a Lispsession: Buffer, Host, Process Directory, Image name, Image arguments.Most of the time, you should just hit return to take the default valueson all of these questions.<p>Go back to edit buffer by C-c l. Type the following code, which simplycounts the number of items in a list:<p><pre>(defun foo(x) (cond ((null x) 0) ((atom x) 1) (t (+ (foo (car x)) (foo (cdr x))))))</pre><p>Passing this function definition to Lisp either by typing (C-c C-b)(evaluate the entire buffer) or by putting the cursor somewhere withinfoo's function definiton and typing (ESC C-x) (evaluate a single defun).Either command will send the defun to Lisp interpreter.<p>Now switch to the Lisp process buffer with: C-c l<p>Test the function by typing: (foo '(a b c))<p>When you are done, exit Lisp and Emacs by typing: (exit) and then C-x C-c<hr><h3> For More Information </h3>More information about the interface appears in in <a href="http://www.cs.washington.edu/htbin/info2www?(lab/tn162.info)"> UW CSE Lab Note 162</a>.<hr><address>Steve Hanks (hanks@cs.washington.edu), 3/19/96</address> ⌨️ 快捷键说明
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