http:^^www.cs.cornell.edu^info^people^raman^aster^demo.html

This data set contains WWW-pages collected from computer science departments of various universities

objects, and uses these names when referring to such objects in later
cross-references.
<p>


<OL>
<LI>
<!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><!WA188><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec13-ex1.au"> audio </A>
<!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><!WA189><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx54.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><!WA190><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx54.ps"> Postscript </A>
<LI>
<!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><!WA191><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec13-ex2.au"> audio </A>
<!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><!WA192><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx55.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><!WA193><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx55.ps"> Postscript </A>
<LI>
<!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><!WA194><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec13-ex3.au"> audio </A>
<!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><!WA195><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx56.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><!WA196><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx56.ps"> Postscript </A>
</OL>

<h2>
<!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><!WA197><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec14-title.au">
Section 14 </A> Distance formula.
</h2>

Notice that AsTeR produces good intonational structure when speaking text that
is intermixed with mathematics. 
<!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><!WA198><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec14-ex1.au"> audio </A>
<!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><!WA199><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx57.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><!WA200><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx57.ps"> Postscript </A>

<h2>
<!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><!WA201><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec15-title.au">
Section 15 </A> Quantified expression.
</h2>
The quantifiers present an interesting challenge to AsTeR's recognizer.



<!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><!WA202><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec15-ex1.au"> audio </A>
<!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><!WA203><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx58.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><!WA204><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx58.ps"> Postscript </A>


<h2>
<!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><!WA205><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec16-title.au">
Section 16 </A> Exponentiation.
</h2>
Once again, perceptible monotonicity allows AsTeR to convey the following
deeply nested expressions succinctly.
<p>
These examples were produced with the Emacs Calculator, a full-fledged
symbolic algebra system.
AsTeR  interfaces directly with this calculator, and renders the output just
as well as it can render any document. 


<OL>
<LI>
<!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><!WA206><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec16-ex1.au"> audio </A>
<!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><!WA207><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx59.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><!WA208><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx59.ps"> Postscript </A>
<LI>
<!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><!WA209><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec16-ex2.au"> audio </A>
<!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><!WA210><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx60.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><!WA211><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx60.ps"> Postscript </A>
<LI>
<!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><!WA212><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec16-ex3.au"> audio </A>
<!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><!WA213><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx60a.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><!WA214><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx60a.ps"> Postscript </A>
</OL>

<h2>
<!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><!WA215><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec17-title.au">
Section 17 </A> A generic matrix.
</h2>
AsTeR uses stereo effects to convey the two-dimensional structure of the
matrix.  Rendering commences on the left, and moves progressively right as
each element of any row is spoken.
<p>

<!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><!WA216><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec17-ex1.au"> audio </A>
<!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><!WA217><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx61.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><!WA218><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx61.ps"> Postscript </A>

<h2>
<!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><!WA219><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-title.au">
Section 18 </A> Faa de Bruno's formula.
</h2>
This section presents Faa De Bruno's formula, taken from Knuth's Art Of
Computer Programming, Vol. 1.
I first heard it spoken by a RFB reader on a talking book; it took 120 seconds
to speak.
<p>

Since the renderings produced by AsTeR utilize features of the audio space
not available to a human reader (I still have not met a reader who can change
the size and shape of her  head as she talks:-)
the rendering takes under 80 seconds.

<p>
As you will hear soon, even this is too long; you forget the beginning by the
time you hear the end.
<p>

Later, we present rendering using variable substitution, a powerful technique
for conveying top-level structure of complex expressions.
<p>
<OL> 
<li> Notice the proper intonational structure produced for text intermixed
     with mathematics.  <br>
     <!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><!WA220><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex1.au"> audio </A>
     <!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><!WA221><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx62.tex"> LaTeX</a>
     <!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><!WA222><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx62.ps">Postscript</a>
<li> <!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><!WA223><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex2.au"> audio </A>
<!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><!WA224><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx62a.tex"> LaTeX</a>
     <!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><!WA225><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx62a.ps"> Postscript</a>
<li> Here is Faa De Bruno's formula in all its glory:-<br> 
     <!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><!WA226><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex3.au"> Audio (66 seconds)</a>
     <!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><!WA227><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx63.tex"> LaTeX </A>
<!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><!WA228><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx63.ps"> Postscript </A>
</ol> 

AsTeR can process complex expressions like the above, and upon request,
replace complex sub-expressions with meaningful identifiers. Such renderings
convey top-level structure; the listener can then listen to the
sub-expressions separately.  <p>

Since this substitution process is performed by AsTeR, there is no LaTeX or
Postscript equivalent for the audio output in this case.
<UL> 
<li> The top-level formula.
<!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><!WA229><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex4.au"> audio (20 seconds) </A>
<li> Lower constraint 1. 
     <!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><!WA230><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex5.au"> audio (20 seconds) </A>
<li> Numerator. <!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><!WA231><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex6.au"> audio (15 seconds) </A>
<li> Denominator. <!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><!WA232><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec18-ex7.au"> audio (14 seconds) </A>
</ul>


<hr>
<address>T.V. Raman [e-mail] </address>
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Last modified: Fri Aug  5 10:06:00 1994
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