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<html> <head><title>Mathematics For Computer Generated Spoken Documents</title><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/title.au"> Title in audio </A></head><body><h1>ASTER Demonstration</h1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><!WA1><img alt="AsTeR" src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/aster.gif">is dedicated to my <!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/dedication.au">Guide-Dog.</a>AsTeR --Audio System For Technical Readings-- is a computing system forrendering technical documents in audio. AsTeR was developed by <!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><ahref="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/raman.html"> me</a> for my<!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/aster-thesis.ps">PhD. (141 pages)</a> <footnote> An audio formatted version of the thesis, (approximately 6 hours) produced by AsTeR, is being made available by <!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/rfb-math-workshop/summary.html">RFB (Recordings For the Blind</a> as the first computer generated talking book. </footnote> Here is the <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><ahref="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/abstract.html"> abstract </a> in print, and <!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/abstract.au">here</a> is an audio formatted version. <p>This hypertext document demonstrates the audio renderings generated by AsTeR.<!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/aster-toplevel.html"> Here </a>is an enhanced demo using inline images.Each example is made up of three components:<ol> <li> The original LaTeX input. <li> The audio formatted output produced by AsTeR. The speech is produced by a Dectalk, and has been digitized at 8-bit mulaw<footnote> AsTeR uses stereo to render tables, an effect that is not conveyed by the8-bit mono encoding. </footnote> <li> The visually formatted version produced by LaTeX and DVIPS. </ol><h2> How to use this demo: </h2>The examples in this demonstration get progressively difficult. I suggest you go through the initial sections sequentially;For short demos, I typically show people the first three sections, andround it off with the continuous fraction in section 4 and a quick overview of FaaDe Bruno's formula.<p><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><a href=http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/spoken-math.ps">Here </a> is the Postscript file containing all the examples, in caseyou want to look over them first. I am not placing a single file containing all of the audio examplessince this would be about 9MB. <h2><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-title.au">Section 1 </A> simple fractions and expressions.</h2>This set of examples demonstrates the use of voice inflection and pauses toconvey grouping of sub-expressions succinctly.<p><OL><LI><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex1.au"> audio </A><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx-01.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><!WA13><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx-01.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex2.au"> audio </A><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx00.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx00.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><!WA17><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex3.au"> audio </A><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx01.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><!WA19><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx01.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex4.au"> audio </A><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx02.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><!WA22><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx02.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex5.au"> audio </A><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><!WA24><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx03.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx03.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex6.au"> audio </A><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx04.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx04.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><!WA29><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex7.au"> audio </A><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx05.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx05.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec1-ex8.au"> audio </A><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx06.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx06.ps"> Postscript </A></OL>Audio state varied along a dimension in audio space before renderingsub-expressions.<h2><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-title.au">Section 2 </A> superscripts and subscripts.</h2>To convey subscripts, superscripts, and other visual attributes, vary audiostate along a dimension that is orthogonal to (independent of ) the dimensionused to convey sub-expressions.This will allow the nesting of these mutually independent concepts. <OL><LI><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex1.au"> audio </A><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx07.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><!WA38><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx07.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex2.au"> audio </A><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx08.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx08.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><!WA42><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex3.au"> audio </A><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx09.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx09.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex4.au"> audio </A><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx10.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx10.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><!WA48><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex5.au"> audio </A><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><!WA49><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx11.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><!WA50><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx11.ps"> Postscript </A><LI><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><!WA51><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/math-examples/sec2-ex6.au"> audio </A><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><!WA52><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx12.tex"> LaTeX </A><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><!WA53><A HREF = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/aster/latex/xx12.ps"> Postscript </A></OL>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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