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Date: Thursday, 21-Nov-96 21:02:09 GMTServer: NCSA/1.3MIME-version: 1.0Content-type: text/htmlLast-modified: Tuesday, 30-Apr-96 14:11:39 GMTContent-length: 6959<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>James F. Allen's Home Page</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><!WA0><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/images/urcslogo.gif"><!WA1><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/james/james.gif"><P><H1>James F. Allen, URCS Faculty Member</H1><P>b. 1950. Ph.D. (1979) University of Toronto. Assistant Professor(79-84), Associate Professor (84-87), Department Chair (87-90),Professor (87-present), Dessauer Chair (92-present); University ofRochester. Editor-in-Chief, Computational Linguistics (83-93;Presidential Young Investigator (84-89); author of <!WA2><A HREF="http://heg-school.aw.com/cseng/authors/allen/NatLang2e/NatLang2e.html">Natural LanguageUnderstanding, Benjamin Cummings (87), 2nd edition</A> (1995); Reasoning About Plans, MorganKaufmann (91); co-editor of Readings in Planning, Morgan Kaufmann (90);Fellow of the AAAI.<P>James Allen's research interests span a range of issues coveringnatural language understanding, discourse, knowledge representation,common-sense reasoning and planning. These areas of research arecombined in <!WA3><A HREF="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/research/trains/home.html">the TRAINS project</A>, a long term effort co-directed withLen Schubert. The TRAINS system is an intelligent planning assistantthat can converse in spoken natural language with a person to create,discuss and evaluate various plans involving freight shipments bytrain. In particular, Allen's research breaks down into two mainsubareas, broadly classified as research in discourse and research inplan reasoning.<P>The research in discourse is focused on two-person extended dialogsin which the speakers have specific tasks to accomplish. An emphasisin this work is the representation and use of the context of thedialog to solve problems in semantic interpretations and therecognition of the intentions underlying the speakers' utterances.Work in this area has included developing the first computationalmodel of speech acts, the development of a multi-level plan-basedanalysis involving discourse-level plans as well as domain-levelplans, and the development of several different discourse-planrecognition algorithms. In addition, we are exploring how prosody andintonation signals discourse intentions and how this interacts withthe plan-based dialog model. While it is important for work to beformally well-defined and understood, it is equally important thatcomputational theories can lead to effective implementations. As aresult, a considerable amount of effort has also been made indeveloping an expressive hybrid knowledge representation system thatcan support complex reasoning about plans and actions.<P>The research in plan reasoning draws much of its motivation from thedialog work. In particular, the representation of plans must support awide range of different forms of reasoning: plan construction (i.e.traditional planning), plan recognition, plan evaluation, and thecommunication of plans between agents. Much of our work in this areahas focused on the representation of time and action, and we havereformulated the planning problem as a problem in temporal reasoning.Within this framework, we have developed a representation of plansthat is temporally explicit and supports plan construction,recognition and communication. We are also exploring methods oftemporal reasoning that are viable even with large data sets oftemporal information.<P><H2>Key Publications on Temporal Reasoning</H2><UL><LI> Allen, J.F. ``Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals.'' Communications of the ACM 26, 11, 832-843, November 1983.<LI> Allen, J.F. ``A General Model of Action and Time.'' Artificial Intelligence 23, 2, July 1984. <LI> Allen, J.F. and P.J. Hayes. ``Moments and Points in an Interval-Based Temporal Logic.'' Computational Intelligence, January 1990. <LI> Allen, J.F. "Time and time again: The many ways to represent time," Int'l. Jr. of Intelligent Systems 6, 4, 341-356, July 1991.<LI> Allen, J.F. and Ferguson, G. "Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic", J. Logic and Computation 4, 5, 1994.</UL><H2>Key Publications in Planning and Plan Recognition</H2><UL><LI> Kautz, H. and Allen, J.F. "Generalized Plan Recognition" In Proc., Proc., AAAI Nat'l. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Philadelphia, PA, 1986<LI> Allen, J.F. ``Planning as Temporal Reasoning.'' In Proc., 2nd Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, 1991. <LI> Allen, J.F. et al. Reasoning About Plans, Morgan Kaufmann, 1991. <LI> Ferguson, G. and Allen, J.F. "Arguing about Plans: Plan Representation and Reasoning for Mixed-Initiative Planning", Proc. 2nd Int'l Conf. on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-94), AAAI Press, 1994.</UL><H2>Key Publications in Natural Language and Dialogue</H2><UL><LI> Allen, J.F. Natural Language Understanding, Benjamin Cummings, 1987, Second Edition, 1994.<LI> Allen, J.F. ``Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Logical Form.'' In M. Bates, R. Weischedel (eds.), Challenges in Natural Language Processing, Cambridge University Press, 1993.<LI> Allen, J.F. and D.J. Litman. ``A Plan Recognition Model for Subdialogues in Conversations.'' Cognitive Science 11, 2, 163-200, 1987. <LI> Allen, J.F. and D.J. Litman. ``Discourse Processing and Common sense Plans.'' in P.R. Cohen, J. Morgan, and M. Pollack, Intentions and Communication, MIT Press, 1990.<LI> Hinkelman, E. and J.F. Allen. ``Two Constraints on Speech Act Ambiguity.'' In Proc., 27th Meeting of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics, 1989.<LI> A study on prosody and discourse structure in cooperative dialogs (with S. Nakajima), Phonetica, 1993.<LI> Heeman, P. and Allen, J.F. "Detecting and correcting speech repairs", Proc. 32nd Meeting of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics, 1994.<LI> Traum, D. and Allen, J.F. "Discourse Obligations in Dialogue Processing" Proc. 32nd Meeting of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics, 1994.<LI>Allen, J.F. et al, The TRAINS Project: A Case Study in Defining a Conversational Planning Agent, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI, 1995.<LI>Spoken Dialogue and interactive planning (with G. Ferguson, B. Miller and E. Ringger), Proc. ARPA Spoken Language Systems Technology Workshop, 1995.</UL><H2>Software Available</H2>The parser from the TRAINS-95 system is a bottom-up chart parser that closely follows the development of the parser in Natural Language Understanding, Second Edition. The <!WA4><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.rochester.edu/pub/papers/ai/95.tn1.TRAINS_95_parsing_system_users_manual.ps.gz">Users Manual</A> is available by FTP. The system is written in Common Lisp and supports a range of features that help manage large-scale grammars. <P><!WA5><A HREF="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/users/faculty.html"> <!WA6><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/images/up.gif">Back to URCS Faculty directory</A><P><!WA7><A HREF="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/urcs.html"> <!WA8><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/images/home.gif">Back to URCS Home Page</A><P></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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