4.1.htm

RUBY的参考手册~~ RUBY的参考手册~~RUBY的参考手册

                <TD class=t1 vAlign=bottom>Chapter 4.&nbsp; Standard Library 
                  Reference</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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                  <H3 class=docSection1Title>4.1 Standard Library</H3><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128216></A>
                  <P class=docText>The Ruby standard library extends the 
                  foundation of the Ruby built-in library with classes and 
                  abstractions for a variety of programming needs, including 
                  network programming, operating-system services, threads, and 
                  more. These classes provide flexible capabilities at a high 
                  level of abstraction, giving you the ability to create 
                  powerful Ruby scripts useful in a variety of problem domains. 
                  </P>
                  <P class=docText>Many common tasks are performed by Ruby 
                  programmers all over the world. Some of these tasks include 
                  network access such as TCP/IP and CGI, OS access, database 
                  access, controlling processes with threads, numeric 
                  calculations, implementing design classes, and manipulating 
                  dates. These are used so frequently that they are included 
                  with all standard distributions of Ruby; when you access these 
                  classes and methods from your programs, they will be available 
                  from the Standard Library. Could you write these libraries 
                  yourself? Probably. Would you feel confident they have been 
                  exhaustively tested, optimized, and debugged? Usually not. The 
                  Standard Library is a great time saver. And as Ruby grows and 
                  evolves, so will its Standard Library, to everyone's benefit. 
                  </P>
                  <P class=docText>Although not every library section will 
                  contain all these entries, the basic format for each section 
                  is as follows: </P>
                  <UL>
                    <LI>
                    <P class=docList>Required library</P>
                    <LI>
                    <P class=docList>Example</P>
                    <LI>
                    <P class=docList>Inherited class</P>
                    <LI>
                    <P class=docList>Class methods</P>
                    <LI>
                    <P class=docList>Instance methods</P></LI></UL><A 
                  name=ruby-CHP-4-SECT-1.1></A>
                  <H4 class=docSection2Title>4.1.1 Network</H4>
                  <P class=docText>Use Ruby's network classes to let your 
                  scripts speak basic protocols such as TCP and UDP as a client, 
                  a server, or both. These libraries provide socket access to a 
                  variety of Internet protocols and classes that make access to 
                  those protocols easier. You can even crawl up the protocol 
                  stack and find support for higher-level protocols like FTP, 
                  HTTP, IMAP, and so on. All have an intuitive, transparent 
                  interface that won't get in your way. This is the largest 
                  group of libraries and one of the most frequently used. </P>
                  <P class=docText>Oh, and don't worry. There's support for 
                  doing web programming through the CGI, <TT>CGI::Cookie</TT> 
                  and <TT>CGI::Session</TT> classes. </P><A 
                  name=ch04-4-fm2xml></A><A name=IXT-4-128217></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128218></A><A name=IXT-4-128219></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128220></A><A name=IXT-4-128221></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128222></A><A name=IXT-4-128223></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128224></A><A name=IXT-4-128225></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128226></A><A name=IXT-4-128227></A>
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                      <TD align=left><B><I>BasicSocket</I></B></TD>
                      <TD align=right><I>Socket-related superclass 
                    </I></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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                  <P class=docText><TT>BasicSocket</TT><A name=IXT-4-128217></A> 
                  is an abstract base class for network socket-related classes. 
                  This class provides common behavior among <TT>Socket</TT> 
                  classes. </P><A name=ch04-5-fm2xml></A>
                  <H4 class=docRefsectTitle>Required Library</H4>
                  <P class=docText>require 'socket'</P><A 
name=ch04-6-fm2xml></A>
                  <H4 class=docRefsectTitle>Inherited Class</H4><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128218></A>
                  <P class=docText><TT>IO</TT></P><A name=ch04-7-fm2xml></A>
                  <H4 class=docRefsectTitle>Class Methods</H4><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128219></A>
                  <DL class=docList>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup</SPAN></SPAN><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128219></A></SPAN> 
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Returns <TT>true</TT> if a query returns 
                    numeric address, not hostname </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup=</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>bool</I></TT></SPAN> 
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Sets <TT>reverse_lookup</TT> 
                  status</P></DD></DL><A name=ch04-8-fm2xml></A>
                  <H4 class=docRefsectTitle>Instance Methods</H4><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128220></A><A name=IXT-4-128221></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128222></A><A name=IXT-4-128223></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128224></A><A name=IXT-4-128225></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128226></A><A name=IXT-4-128227></A>
                  <DL class=docList>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128221></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.getpeername</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Returns information on this connection's 
                    peer socket as a <TT>struct</TT> <TT>sockaddr</TT> packed 
                    into a string. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128222></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.getsockname</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Returns information on <TT><I>s</I></TT> as 
                    a <TT>struct sockaddr</TT> packed into a string. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128223></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.getsockopt(</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>lev</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>,</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>optname</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>)</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Gets the specified socket option. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128224></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.setsockopt(</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>lev</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>,</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>optname</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>,</SPAN></SPAN> <TT><I>value</I></TT><SPAN 
                    class=docPubcolor><SPAN class=docMonofont>)</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Sets the specified socket option. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128225></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.shutdown([</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>how</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>=2])</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Shuts down the socket connection. 
                    <TT>0</TT> shuts down receiving, <TT>1</TT> sending, and 
                    <TT>2</TT> both. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128226></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.recv(</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>len</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>[,</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>flags</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>])</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Receives data from <TT><I>s</I></TT>, and 
                    returns it as a string. </P>
                    <DT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><TT><I>s</I></TT><A 
                    name=IXT-4-128227></A><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>.send(</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>mesg</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>,</SPAN></SPAN> <TT><I>flags</I></TT><SPAN 
                    class=docPubcolor><SPAN class=docMonofont>[,</SPAN></SPAN> 
                    <TT><I>to</I></TT><SPAN class=docPubcolor><SPAN 
                    class=docMonofont>])</SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN>
                    <DD>
                    <P class=docList>Sends data over the socket 
                    <TT><I>s</I></TT>, returning the length of the data sent. 
                    <TT><I>to</I></TT> may be a <TT>struct sockaddr</TT> packed 
                    into a string indicating the recipient address. 
                  </P></DD></DL><A name=ch04-9-fm2xml></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128228></A><A name=ruby-IDXTERM-1511></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128229></A><A name=IXT-4-128230></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128231></A><A name=IXT-4-128232></A><A 
                  name=IXT-4-128233></A><A name=IXT-4-128234></A>
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                      <TD align=left><B><I>IPSocket</I></B></TD>
                      <TD align=right><I>IP socket class 
                  </I></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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