slapd.8

ldap服务器源码

.\" $OpenLDAP: pkg/ldap/doc/man/man8/slapd.8,v 1.53.2.9 2007/01/02 21:43:46 kurt Exp $
.\" Copyright 1998-2007 The OpenLDAP Foundation All Rights Reserved.
.\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
.TH SLAPD 8C "RELEASEDATE" "OpenLDAP LDVERSION"
.SH NAME
slapd \- Stand-alone LDAP Daemon
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B LIBEXECDIR/slapd 
.B [\-[4|6]]
.B [\-T {acl|add|auth|cat|dn|index|passwd|test}]
.B [\-d debug\-level]
.B [\-f slapd\-config\-file]
.B [\-F slapd\-config\-directory]
.B [\-h URLs]
.B [\-n service\-name] [\-s syslog\-level] [\-l syslog\-local\-user]
.B [\-r directory]
.B [\-u user] [\-g group]
.B [\-c cookie]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
.B Slapd
is the stand-alone LDAP daemon. It listens for LDAP connections on
any number of ports (default 389), responding
to the LDAP operations it receives over these connections.
.B slapd
is typically invoked at boot time, usually out of
.BR  /etc/rc.local .
Upon startup,
.B slapd
normally forks and disassociates itself from the invoking tty.
If configured in the config file (or config directory),
the
.B slapd
process will print its process ID (see
.BR getpid (2))
to a 
.B .pid
file, as well as the command line options during invocation to an
.B .args
file (see 
.BR slapd.conf (5)).
If the
.B \-d
flag is given, even with a zero argument,
.B slapd
will not fork and disassociate from the invoking tty.
.LP
.B Slapd
can be configured to provide replicated service for a database with
the help of
.BR slurpd ,
the standalone LDAP update replication daemon.
See
.BR slurpd (8)
for details.
.LP
See the "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" for more details on
.BR slapd .
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-4
Listen on IPv4 addresses only.
.TP
.B \-6
Listen on IPv6 addresses only.
.TP
.B \-T {a|c|d|i|p|t|acl|auth}
Run in Tool mode. The additional argument selects whether to run as
slapadd, slapcat, slapdn, slapindex, slappasswd, or slaptest
(slapacl and slapauth need the entire "\fIacl\fP" and "\fIauth\fP"
option value to be spelled out, as "\fIa\fP" is reserved to
.BR slapadd ).
This option should be the first option specified when it is used;
any remaining options will be interpreted by the corresponding 
slap tool program, according to the respective man pages.
Note that these tool programs will usually be symbolic links to slapd.
This option is provided for situations where symbolic links 
are not provided or not usable.
.TP
.BI \-d " debug\-level"
Turn on debugging as defined by
.I debug\-level.
If this option is specified, even with a zero argument,
.B slapd
will not fork or disassociate from the invoking terminal.  Some general
operation and status messages are printed for any value of \fIdebug\-level\fP.
\fIdebug\-level\fP is taken as a bit string, with each bit corresponding to a
different kind of debugging information.  See <ldap_log.h> for details.
Remember that if you turn on packet logging, packets containing bind passwords
will be output, so if you redirect the log to a logfile, that file should
be read-protected.
.TP
.BI \-s " syslog\-level"
This option tells
.B slapd
at what level debugging statements should be logged to the
.BR syslog (8)
facility.
.TP
.BI \-n " service\-name"
Specifies the service name for logging and other purposes.  Defaults
to basename of argv[0], i.e.: "slapd".
.TP
.BI \-l " syslog\-local\-user"
Selects the local user of the
.BR syslog (8)
facility. Value can be 
.BR LOCAL0 , 
through
.BR LOCAL7 ,
as well as
.B USER
and
.BR DAEMON .
The default is
.BR LOCAL4 .
However, this option is only permitted on systems that support
local users with the 
.BR syslog (8)
facility.
.TP
.BI \-f " slapd\-config\-file"
Specifies the slapd configuration file. The default is
.BR ETCDIR/slapd.conf .
.TP
.BI \-F " slapd\-config\-directory"
Specifies the slapd configuration directory. The default is
.BR ETCDIR/slapd.d .
If both
.B -f
and
.B -F
are specified, the config file will be read and converted to
config directory format and written to the specified directory.
If neither option is specified, slapd will attempt to read the
default config directory before trying to use the default
config file. If a valid config directory exists then the
default config file is ignored. All of the slap tools that
use the config options observe this same behavior.
.TP
.BI \-h " URLlist"
.B slapd
will by default serve
.B ldap:///
(LDAP over TCP on all interfaces on default LDAP port).  That is, 
it will bind using INADDR_ANY and port 389.
The
.B \-h
option may be used to specify LDAP (and other scheme) URLs to serve.
For example, if slapd is given
.BR "\-h \(dqldap://127.0.0.1:9009/ ldaps:/// ldapi:///\(dq" , 
it will listen on 127.0.0.1:9009 for LDAP, 0.0.0.0:636 for LDAP over TLS,
and LDAP over IPC (Unix domain sockets).  Host 0.0.0.0 represents
INADDR_ANY (any interface).
A space separated list of URLs is expected.  The URLs should be of
the LDAP, LDAPS, or LDAPI schemes, and generally
without a DN or other optional parameters (excepting as discussed below).
Support for the latter two schemes depends on selected configuration 
options.  Hosts may be specified by name or IPv4 and IPv6 address formats.
Ports, if specified, must be numeric.  The default ldap:// port is 389
and the default ldaps:// port is 636.

The listener permissions are indicated by
"x-mod=-rwxrwxrwx", "x-mod=0777" or "x-mod=777", where any 
of the "rwx" can be "-" to suppress the related permission, while any 
of the "7" can be any legal octal digit, according to chmod(1).
The listeners can take advantage of the "x-mod"
extension to apply rough limitations to operations, e.g. allow read operations
("r", which applies to search and compare), write operations ("w", 
which applies to add, delete, modify and modrdn), and execute operations
("x", which means bind is required).
"User" permissions apply to authenticated users, while "other" apply
to anonymous users; "group" permissions are ignored.
For example, "ldap:///????x-mod=-rw-------" means that read and write is only allowed
for authenticated connections, and bind is required for all operations.
This feature is experimental, and requires to be manually enabled
at configure time.
.TP
.BI \-r " directory"
Specifies a directory to become the root directory.  slapd will
change the current working directory to this directory and
then
.BR chroot (2)
to this directory.  This is done after opening listeners but before
reading any configuration file or initializing any backend.  When
used as a security mechanism, it should be used in conjunction with
.B -u
and
.B -g
options.
.TP
.BI \-u " user"
.B slapd
will run slapd with the specified user name or id, and that user's
supplementary group access list as set with initgroups(3).  The group ID
is also changed to this user's gid, unless the -g option is used to
override.  Note when used with
.BR -r ,
slapd will use the user database in the change root environment.

Note that on some systems, running as a non-privileged user will prevent
passwd back-ends from accessing the encrypted passwords.  Note also that
any shell back-ends will run as the specified non-privileged user.
.TP
.BI \-g " group"
.B slapd
will run with the specified group name or id.  Note when used with
.BR -r ,
slapd will use the group database in the change root environment.
.TP
.BI \-c " cookie"
This option provides a cookie for the syncrepl replication consumer.
The cookie is a comma separated list of name=value pairs.
Currently supported syncrepl cookie fields are
.B rid
and
.B csn.
.B rid
identifies a replication thread within the consumer server
and is used to find the syncrepl specification in 
.BR slapd.conf (5)
having the matching replication identifier in its definition. The
.B rid
must be provided in order for any other specified values to be used.
.B csn
is the commit sequence number received by a previous synchronization
and represents the state of the consumer replica content which the
syncrepl engine will synchronize to the current provider content.
.SH EXAMPLES
To start 
.I slapd
and have it fork and detach from the terminal and start serving
the LDAP databases defined in the default config file, just type:
.LP
.nf
.ft tt
	LIBEXECDIR/slapd
.ft
.fi
.LP
To start 
.B slapd
with an alternate configuration file, and turn
on voluminous debugging which will be printed on standard error, type:
.LP
.nf
.ft tt
	LIBEXECDIR/slapd -f /var/tmp/slapd.conf -d 255
.ft
.fi
.LP
To test whether the configuration file is correct or not, type:
.LP
.nf
.ft tt
	LIBEXECDIR/slapd -Tt
.ft
.fi
.LP
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ldap (3),
.BR slapd.conf (5),
.BR slapd.access (5),
.BR slapacl (8),
.BR slapadd (8),
.BR slapauth (8),
.BR slapcat (8),
.BR slapdn (8),
.BR slapindex (8),
.BR slappasswd (8),
.BR slaptest (8),
.BR slurpd (8)
.LP
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
.SH BUGS
See http://www.openldap.org/its/
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.B OpenLDAP
is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project (http://www.openldap.org/).
.B OpenLDAP
is derived from University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.