make.man

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MAKE(1)			MS-DOS Programmer's Manual		    MAKE(1)

NAME
   make - maintain program groups

SYNOPSIS
   make [-f <makefile>] [-ainpqrst] [<target>...]

DESCRIPTION
   Make executes commands in makefile to update one or more target names. Name
   is typically a program. If no -f option is present, `makefile' is tried. If
   makefile is `-', the standard input is taken. More than one -f option may
   appear

   Make updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files that have been
   modified since the target was last modified, or if the target does not
   exist.

   Makefile contains a sequence of entries that specify dependencies. The
   first line of an entry is a blank-separated list of targets, then a colon,
   then a list of prerequisite files. Text following a semicolon, and all
   following lines that begin with a tab, are shell commands to be executed to
   update the target. If a name appears on the left of more than one `colon'
   line, then it depends on all of the names on the right of the colon on
   those lines, but only one command sequence may be specified for it. If a
   name appears on a line with a double colon :: then the command sequence
   following that line is performed only if the name is out of date with
   respect to the names to the right of the double colon, and is not affected
   by other double colon lines on which that name may appear.

   Sharp and newline surround comments.

   The following makefile says that `pgm' depends on two files `a.obj' and
   `b.obj', and that they in turn depend on `.c' files and a common file
   `incl'.

          pgm: a.obj b.obj
            cc a.obj b.obj -lm -o pgm
          a.obj: incl a.c
            cc -c a.c
          b.obj: incl b.c
            cc -c b.c

   Makefile entries of the form

          string1 = string2

   are macro definitions. Subsequent appearances of $(string1) or ${string1}
   are replaced by string2. If string1 is a single character, the parentheses
   or braces are optional.

   Make infers prerequisites for files for which makefile gives no construc-
   tion commands. For example, a `.c' file may be inferred as prerequisite for
   a `.obj' file and be compiled to produce the `.obj' file. Thus the prece-
   ding example can be done more briefly:

          pgm: a.obj b.obj
            cc a.obj b.obj -lm -o pgm
          a.obj b.obj: incl

   Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes listed as the
   `prerequisites' for the special name `.SUFFIXES'; multiple lists accumu-
   late; an empty list clears what came before. Order is significant; the
   first possible name for which both a file and a rule as described in the
   next paragraph exist is inferred.  The default list is

          .SUFFIXES: .obj .asm .c

   The rule to create a file with suffix s2 that depends on a similarly named
   file with suffix s1 is specified as an entry for the `target' s1s2.  In
   such an entry, the special macros

   	$* stands for the target name with suffix deleted,
	$@ for the full target name,
	$< for the complete list of prerequisites,
	$? for the list of prerequisites that are out of date.

   For example, a rule for making optimized `.obj' files from `.c' files is

          .c.obj: ; cc -c -O -o $@ $*.c

   Certain macros are used by the default inference rules to communicate op-
   tional arguments to any resulting compilations.  In particular, `CFLAGS' is
   used for cc(1) options, and AFLAGS for masm options. In addition, the macro
   `MFLAGS' is filled in with the initial command line options supplied to
   make. This simplifies maintaining a hierarchy of makefiles as one may then
   invoke make on makefiles in subdirectories and pass along useful options.

   Command lines are executed one at a time. First execution of the command
   is attempted directly from make. If this fails, a secondary COMMAND.COM
   processor is invoked to do the job. For commands executed by a secondary
   COMMAND.COM processor, exit status may not be correct, which is a flaw in
   MSDOS.

   A command line is printed when it is executed unless the special target
   `.SILENT' is in makefile, or the first character of the command is `@'.

   Commands returning nonzero exit status cause make to terminate unless the
   special target `.IGNORE' is in makefile or the command begins with the cha-
   racter sequence <tab><hyphen>, or if the `-i' option was given.

   Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted unless the target is a
   directory or depends on the special name `.PRECIOUS'.

OPTION
   -a   Disregard date/time stamps, and perform all commands that would be
   	necessary to update the requested final target(s).
   -f   Use the next command line token for the makefile name. If this is '-'
   	then use standard input.
   -i   Equivalent to the special entry `.IGNORE:'. A single command may be
   	forced to behave this way by preceding it by '<tab>-'.
   -n   Trace and print, but do not execute the commands needed to update the
   	targets.
   -p   Print all macros and targets. Good for debugging your makefiles.
   -q   Causes make to return the up-to-date-ness of the target as exit
   	status.
   -r   Equivalent to an initial special entry `.SUFFIXES:' with no list. This
   	means that the built-in inference rules are not used.
   -s   Equivalent to the special entry `.SILENT:'. A single command may be
   	forced to behave this way by preceding it by '@'.
   -t   Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets, without executing any
   	commands.

FILES
   makefile, command.com

SEE ALSO
   touch

RESTRICTIONS
   Some commands return nonzero status inappropriately.  Use -i to overcome
   the difficulty.

   If a command is executed by an invocation a secondary COMMAND.COM, and
   ties to set environment variables, these settings will only affect the
   environment of that secondary command processor. As soon asit terminates,
   the settings are lost. Also, COMMAND.COM always return successful status,
   even if it tries to execute a non-existen command. In general, the inten-
   tion is that COMMAND.COM is only to be invoked to run simple commands as
   COPY, TYPE, DEL and the like.