m0a

unix v7是最后一个广泛发布的研究型UNIX版本

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.ce
.ftB
SUMMARY AND INDEX
.ftR
.de mx
.ev2
.nf
.h1
.in
.sp
.fi
.ev
.ns
..
.xx
.h1 \s-1#\s+1 *
.fn
.sp.3
*Values separated by "\fB;\fR" are for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively.
.sp.2
\s-1#\s+1Notes are explained at the end of this Summary and Index
.ef
.mh
General Explanation
.mh
Font and Character Size Control
.bt
\fB&ps\fI\|\(+-N\fR	10\|point	previous	E	Point size; also \fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR.\(dg
.b1
\fB&ss\fI|N\fR	12\(sl36\|em	ignored	E	Space-character size
set to \fIN\fR\(sl36\|em.\(dg
.b1
\fB&cs\fI\|F\|N\|M\fR	off	-	P	Constant character
space (width)
mode (font \fIF\^\fR\^).\(dg
.b1
\fB&bd\fI|F|N\fR	off	-	P	Embolden font \fIF\fR by \fIN\fR\(mi1 units.\(dg
.b1
\fB&bd|S|\fIF|N\fR	off	-	P	Embolden Special Font when current font is \fIF\fR.\(dg
.fn
.sp.2
\(dgNo effect in \*(NR.
.ef
.b1
\fB&ft\fI|F\fR	Roman	previous	E	Change to font
\fIF\fR|= \fIx\fR, \fIxx\fR, or 1-4.
Also \fB\ef\fIx\fR,\|\fB\ef(\fIxx\fR,\|\fB\ef\fIN\fR.
.b1
\fB&fp\fI|N|F\fR	R,I,B,S	ignored	-	Font named \fIF\fR mounted on physical position 1\(<=\fIN\fR\(<=4.
.mh
Page Control
.bt
\fB&pl\fI\|\(+-N\fR	11\|in	11\|in	\fBv\fR	Page length.
.b1
\fB&bp|\fI\(+-N\fR	\fIN\(eq\fR1	-	B\(dd,\fBv\fR	\
Eject current page; next page number \fIN\fR.
.fn
.sp.2
\(ddThe use of "\ \fB\'\fR\ " as control character (instead of "\fB.\fR")
suppresses the break function.
.ef
.b1
\fB&pn\fI|\(+-N	N\(eq\fR1	ignored	-	Next page number \fIN\fR.
.b1
\fB&po\fI|\(+-N\fR	0;|26\(sl27\|in	previous	\fBv\fR	Page offset.
.b1
\fB&ne\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR	D,\fBv\fR	Need \fIN\fR vertical space (\fIV\fR = vertical spacing).
.b1
\fB&mk|\fIR\fR	none	internal	D	Mark current vertical place in register \fIR\fR.
.b1
\fB&rt\fI|\(+-N\fR	none	internal	D,\fBv\fR	Return \fI(upward only)\fR to marked vertical place.
.mh
Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering
.bt
\fB&br\fR	-	-	B	Break.
.b1
.lg0
\fB&fi\fR	\(fill	-	B,E	Fill output lines.
.lg
.b1
\fB&nf\fR	fill	-	B,E	No filling or adjusting of output lines.
.b1
\fB&ad\fI|c\fR	adj,both	adjust	E	Adjust output lines with mode \fIc\fR.
.b1
\fB&na\fR	adjust	-	E	No output line adjusting.
.b1
\fB&ce\fI|N\fR	off	\fIN\(eq\fR1	B,E	Center following \fIN\fR input text lines.
.mh
Vertical Spacing
.bt
\fB&vs\fI|N\fR	1\(sl6in;12pts	previous	E,\fBp\fR	Vertical base line spacing (\fIV\fR\^).
.b1
\fB&ls\fI|N	N\(eq\fR1	previous	E	Output \fIN\(mi\fR1 \fIV\^\fRs after each text output line.
.b1
\fB&sp\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR	B,\fBv\fR	Space \
vertical distance \fIN\fR \fIin either direction\fR.
.b1
\fB&sv\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR	\fBv\fR	Save vertical distance \fIN\fR.
.b1
\fB&os\fR	-	-	-	Output saved vertical distance.
.b1
\fB&ns\fR	space	-	D	Turn no-space mode on.
.b1
\fB&rs\fR	-	-	D	Restore spacing; turn no-space mode off.
.mh
Line Length and Indenting
.bt
\fB&ll\fI|\(+-N\fR	6.5\|in	previous	E,\fBm\fR	Line length.
.b1
\fB&in\fI|\(+-N\fR	\fIN\(eq\fR\^0	previous	B,E,\fBm\fR	Indent.
.b1
\fB&ti\fI|\(+-N\fR	-	ignored	B,E,\fBm\fR	Temporary indent.
.mh
Macros, Strings, Diversion, and Position Traps
.bt
\fB&de\fI|xx|yy\fR	-	\fI.yy=\fB..\fR	-	Define or redefine macro \fIxx;\fR end at call of \fIyy\fR.
.b1
\fB&am\fI|xx|yy\fR	-	\fI.yy=\fB..\fR	-	Append to a macro.
.b1
\fB&ds\fI|xx|string\fR	-	ignored	-	Define a string \fIxx\fR containing \fIstring\fR.
.b1
\fB&as\fI|xx|string\fR	-	ignored	-	Append \fIstring\fR to string \fIxx\fR.
.b1
\fB&rm\fI|xx\fR	-	ignored	-	Remove request, macro, or string.
.b1
\fB&rn\fI|xx|yy\fR	-	ignored	-	Rename request, macro, or string \fIxx\fR to \fIyy\fR.
.b1
\fB&di\fI|xx\fR	-	end	D	Divert output to macro \fIxx\fR.
.b1
\fB&da\fI|xx\fR	-	end	D	Divert and append to \fIxx\fR.
.b1
\fB&wh\fI|N|xx\fR	-	-	\fBv\fR	Set location trap; negative is w.r.t. page bottom.
.b1
\fB&ch\fI|xx|N\fR	-	-	\fBv\fR	Change trap location.
.b1
\fB&dt\fI|N|xx\fR	-	off	D,\fBv\fR	Set a diversion trap.
.b1
\fB&it\fI|N|xx\fR	-	off	E	Set an input-line count trap.
.b1
\fB&em\fI|xx\fR	none	none	-	End macro is \fIxx\fI.
.mh
Number Registers
.bt
\fB&nr\fI|R|\(+-N|M\fR	-	\fBu\fR	Define and set number register \fIR\fR; auto-increment by \fIM\fR.
.b1
\fB&af\fI|R|c\fR	arabic	-	-	Assign format to register \fIR\fR (\fIc=\fB1\fR, \fBi\fR, \fBI\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBA\fR).
.b1
\fB&rr\fI|R\fR	-	-	-	Remove register \fIR\fR.
.mh
Tabs, Leaders, and Fields
.bt
\fB&ta\fI|Nt|...\fR	0.8;|0.5in	none	E,\fBm\fR	Tab settings; \fIleft\fR type, unless \fIt=\fBR\fR(right), \fBC\fR(centered).
.b1
\fB&tc\fI|c\fR	none	none	E	Tab repetition character.
.b1
\fB&lc\fI|c\fR	\fB.\fR	none	E	Leader repetition character.
.b1
\fB&fc\fI|a|b\fR	off	off	-	Set field delimiter \fIa\fR and pad character \fIb\fR.
.mh
Input and Output Conventions and Character Translations
.bt
\fB&ec\fI|c\fR	\e	\e	-	Set escape character.
.b1
\fB&eo\fR	on	-	-	Turn off escape character mechanism.
.b1
\fB&lg\fI|N\fR	-;\|on	on	-	Ligature mode
on if \fIN\fR>0.
.b1
\fB&ul\fI|N\fR	off	\fIN\(eq\fR1	E	Underline (italicize in \*(TR) \fIN\fR input lines.
.b1
\fB&cu\fI|N\fR	off	\fIN\(eq\fR1	E	Continuous underline in \*(NR; like \fBul\fR in \*(TR.
.b1
\fB&uf\fI|F\fR	Italic	Italic	-	Underline font set to \fIF\fR (to be switched to by \fBul\fR).
.b1
\fB&cc\fI|c\fR	\fB.	.\fR	E	Set control character to \fIc\fR.
.b1
\fB&c2\fI|c\fR	\fB\'	\'\fR	E	Set nobreak control character to \fIc\fR.
.b1
\fB&tr\fI|abcd....\fR	none	-	O	Translate \fIa\fR to \fIb\fR, etc. on output.
.mh
Local Horizontal and Vertical Motions, and the Width Function
.mh
Overstrike, Bracket, Line-drawing, and Zero-width Functions
.mh
Hyphenation.
.bt
\fB&nh\fR	hyphenate	-	E	No hyphenation.
.b1
\fB&hy\fI|N\fR	hyphenate	hyphenate	E	Hyphenate; \fIN =\fR mode.
.b1
\fB&hc\fI|c\fR	\fB\e%	\e%\fR	E	Hyphenation indicator character \fIc\fR.
.b1
\fB&hw\fI|word1|...\fR	ignored	-	Exception words.
.mh
Three Part Titles.
.bt
\fB&tl\fI|\'left\|\'center\|\'right\|\'\fR	-	-	Three part title.
.b1
\fB&pc\fI|c\fR	\fB%\fR	off	-	Page number character.
.b1
\fB&lt\fI|\(+-N\fR	6.5\|in	previous	E,\fBm\fR	Length of title.
.mh
Output Line Numbering.
.bt
\fB&nm\fI|\(+-N|M|S|I\fR	off	E	Number mode on or off, set parameters.
.b1
\fB&nn\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1	E	Do not number next \fIN\fR lines.
.mh
Conditional Acceptance of Input
.bt
\fB&if\fI|c|anything\fR		-	-	If condition \fIc\fR true, accept \fIanything\fR as input,
.b1
				for multi-line use \fI\e{anything\|\e}\fR.
.b1
\fB&if|!\fIc|anything\fR	-	-	If condition \fIc\fR false, accept \fIanything\fR.
.b1
\fB&if\fI|N|anything\fR	-	\fBu\fR	If expression \fIN\fR > 0, accept \fIanything\fR.
.b1
\fB&if|!\fIN|anything\fR	-	\fBu\fR	If expression \fIN\fR \(<= 0, accept \fIanything\fR.
.b1
\fB&if\fI|\|\'string1\|\'string2\|\'|anything\fR	-	If \fIstring1\fR identical to \fIstring2\fR,
accept \fIanything\fR.
.b1
\fB&if|!\fI\|\'string1\|\'string2\|\'|anything\fR	-	If \fIstring1\fR not identical to \fIstring2\fR,
accept \fIanything\fR.
.b1
\fB&ie\fI|c|anything\fR	-	\fBu\fR	If portion of if-else; all above forms (like \fBif\fR).
.b1
\fB&el\fI|anything\fR		-	-	Else portion of if-else.
.mh
Environment Switching.
.bt
\fB&ev\fI|N\fR	\fIN\(eq\fR0	previous	-	Environment switched (\fIpush down\fR).
.mh
Insertions from the Standard Input
.bt
\fB&rd\fI|prompt\fR\fR	-	\fIprompt=\s-1\fRBEL\s+1	-	Read insertion.
.b1
\fB&ex\fR	-	-	-	\
Exit from \*(NR\(sl\*(TR.
.mh
Input\(slOutput File Switching
.bt
\fB&so\fI|filename\fR		-	-	Switch source file \fI(push down)\fR.
.b1
\fB&nx\fI|filename\fR		end-of-file	-	Next file.
.b1
\fB&pi\fI|program\fR		-	-	Pipe output to \fIprogram\fR (\*(NR only).
.mh
Miscellaneous
.bt
\fB&mc\fI|c|N\fR	-	off	E,\fBm\fR	Set margin character \fIc\fR and separation \fIN\fR.
.b1
\fB&tm\fI|string\fR	-	newline	-	Print \fIstring\fR on terminal \
(\s-1UNIX\s+1 standard message output).
.b1
\fB&ig\fI|yy\fR	-	\fI.yy=\fB..\fR	-	Ignore till call of \fIyy\fR.
.b1
\fB&pm\fI|t\fR	-	all	-	Print macro names and sizes;
.b1
				if \fIt\fR present, print only total of sizes.
.b1
.lg0
\fB&fl\fR	-	-	B	Flush output buffer.
.lg
.mh
Output and Error Messages
.xx
.nf
.rm mx
.ftR
\l'\n(.lu'
.ftB
.xx
.ta .3iC .6i
	Notes-
.xx
.ftR
	B	Request normally causes a break.
	D	Mode or relevant parameters associated with current diversion level.
	E	Relevant parameters are a part of the current environment.
	O	Must stay in effect until logical output.
	P	Mode must be still or again in effect at the time of physical output.
	\fBv\fR,\fBp\fR,\fBm\fR,\fBu\fR	Default scale indicator; if not specified, scale indicators are \fIignored\fR.
.br
.nr zz 11
.de cl
.ie \\n+(cl<\n(zz \{\
.	po +\\n(.lu/\n(zzu
.	rt\}
.el \{.po 26i/27u\}
..
.nr cl 0 1
.di zz
.ta .3iR
.nf
.ps 8
.vs 10
ad	4
af	8
am	7
as	7
bd	2
bp	3
br	4
c2	10
cc	10
ce	4
ch	7
cs	2
cu	10
da	7
de	7
di	7
ds	7
dt	7
ec	10
el	16
em	7
eo	10
ev	17
ex	18
fc	9
fi	4
fl	20
fp	2
ft	2
hc	13
hw	13
hy	13
ie	16
if	16
ig	20
in	6
it	7
lc	9
lg	10
li	10
ll	6
ls	5
lt	14
mc	20
mk	3
na	4
ne	3
nf	4
nh	13
nm	15
nn	15
nr	8
ns	5
nx	19
os	5
pc	14
pi	19
pl	3
pm	20
pn	3
po	3
ps	2
rd	18
rm	7
rn	7
rr	8
rs	5
rt	3
so	19
sp	5
ss	2
sv	5
ta	9
tc	9
ti	6
tl	14
tm	20
tr	10
uf	10
ul	10
vs	5
wh	7
.di
.nr aa \n(dn/\n(zz
.ne \\n(aau+10p
.sp
.ftB
Alphabetical Request and Section Number Cross Reference
.ft
.sp.3
.wh \n(nlu+\n(aau cl
.nr qq \n(nlu+\n(aau
.ps
.vs
.mk
.zz
.rt
.sp \n(.tu
.ch cl 12i
.sp
.bp
.nf
.ftB
Escape Sequences for Characters, Indicators, and Functions
.ftR
.xx
.TS
c2l
c2l2l
n2l2l.
.ftI
.bd I 3
Section	Escape
Reference	Sequence	Meaning
.ftR
.bd I
.xx
10.1	\fB\e\e\fR	\e (to prevent or delay the interpretation of \e\|)
10.1	\fB\ee\fR	Printable version of the \fIcurrent\fR escape character.
2.1	\fB\e\'\fR	\' (acute accent); equivalent to \fB\e(aa\fR
2.1	\fB\e\`\fR	\` (grave accent); equivalent to \fB\e(ga\fR
2.1	\fB\e\-\fR	\- Minus sign in the \fIcurrent\fR font
7	\fB\e\^.\fR	Period (dot) (see \fBde\fR)
11.1	\fB\e\fR(space)	Unpaddable space-size space character
11.1	\fB\e0\fR	Digit width space
.tr ||
11.1	\fB\e\||\fR	1\(sl6\|em narrow space character (zero width in \*(NR)
.tr |
11.1	\fB\e^\fR	1\(sl12\|em half-narrow space character (zero width in \*(NR)
.tr &&
4.1	\fB\e&\fR	Non-printing, zero width character
.tr &.
10.6	\fB\e!\fR	Transparent line indicator
10.7	\fB\e"\fR	Beginning of comment
7.3	\fB\e$\fIN\fR	Interpolate argument 1\(<=\fIN\fR\(<=9
13	\fB\e%\fR	Default optional hyphenation character
2.1	\fB\e(\fIxx\fR	Character named \fIxx\fR
7.1	\fB\e\(**\fIx\fR,|\fB\e\(**(\fIxx\fR	Interpolate string \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR
9.1	\fB\ea\fR	Non-interpreted leader character
12.3	\fB\eb\fI\'abc...\|\'\fR	Bracket building function
4.2	\fB\ec\fR	Interrupt text processing
11.1	\fB\ed\fR	Forward (down) 1\(sl2\|em vertical motion (1\(sl2 line in \*(NR)
2.2	\fB\ef\fIx\fR,\fB\ef(\fIxx\fR,\fB\ef\fIN\fR	Change to font named \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR, or position \fIN\fR
11.1	\fB\eh\fI\'N|\'\fR	Local horizontal motion; move right \fIN\fR \fI(negative left)\fR
11.3	\fB\ek\fIx\fR	Mark horizontal \fIinput\fR place in register \fIx\fR
12.4	\fB\el\fI\|\'Nc\|\'\fR	Horizontal line drawing function (optionally with \fIc\fR\|)
12.4	\fB\eL\fI\'Nc\|\'\fR	Vertical line drawing function (optionally with \fIc\fR\|)
8	\fB\en\fIx\fR,\fB\en(\fIxx\fR	Interpolate number register \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR
12.1	\fB\eo\fI\'abc...\|\'\fR	Overstrike characters \fIa, b, c, ...\fR
4.1	\fB\ep\fR	Break and spread output line
11.1	\fB\er\fR	Reverse 1\|em vertical motion (reverse line in \*(NR)
2.3	\fB\es\fIN\fR,\|\fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR	Point-size change function
9.1	\fB\et\fR	Non-interpreted horizontal tab
11.1	\fB\eu\fR	Reverse (up) 1\(sl2\|em vertical motion (1\(sl2 line in \*(NR)
11.1	\fB\ev\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR	Local vertical motion; move down \fIN\fR \fI(negative up)\fR
11.2	\fB\ew\fI\'string\|\'\fR	Interpolate width of \fIstring\fR
5.2	\fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR	Extra line-space function \fI(negative before, positive after)\fR
12.2	\fB\ez\fIc\fR	Print \fIc\fR with zero width (without spacing)
16	\fB\e{\fR	Begin conditional input
16	\fB\e}\fR	End conditional input
10.7	\fB\e\fR(newline)	Concealed (ignored) newline
-	\fB\e\fIX\fR	\fIX\fR, any character \fInot\fR listed above
.TE
.fi
.sp
The escape sequences
\fB\e\e\fR,
\fB\e\^.\fR,
\fB\e"\fR,
\fB\e$\fR,
\fB\e\(**\fR,
\fB\ea\fR,
\fB\en\fR,
\fB\et\fR,
and
\fB\e\fR(newline) are interpreted in \fIcopy mode\fR (\(sc7.2).
.bp
.ftB
.nf
Predefined General Number Registers
.ft
.TS
c2l
c2l2l
n2l2l.
.ftI
.bd I 3
Section	Register
Reference	Name	Description
.ftR
.bd I
.xx
3	\fB%\fR	Current page number.
11.2	\fBct\fR	Character type (set by \fIwidth\fR function).
7.4	\fBdl\fR	Width (maximum) of last completed diversion.
7.4	\fBdn\fR	Height (vertical size) of last completed diversion.
-	\fBdw\fR	Current day of the week (1-7).
-	\fBdy\fR	Current day of the month (1-31).
11.3	\fBhp\fR	Current horizontal place on \fIinput\fR line.
15	\fBln\fR	Output line number.
-	\fBmo\fR	Current month (1-12).
4.1	\fBnl\fR	Vertical position of last printed text base-line.
11.2	\fBsb\fR	Depth of string below base line (generated by \fIwidth\fR function).
11.2	\fBst\fR	Height of string above base line (generated by \fIwidth\fR function).
-	\fByr\fR	Last two digits of current year.
.TE
.sp
.ftB
Predefined Read-Only Number Registers
.ftR
.TS
c2l
c2l2l
n2l2l.
.ftI
.bd I 3
Section	Register
Reference	Name	Description
.ftR
.bd I
.xx
7.3	\fB&$\fR	Number of arguments available at the current macro level.
-	\fB&A\fR	Set to 1 in \*(TR, if \fB\-a\fR option used; always 1 in \*(NR.
11.1	\fB&H\fR	Available horizontal resolution in basic units.
-	\fB&T\fR	Set to 1 in \*(NR, if \fB\-T\fR option used; always 0 in \*(TR.
11.1	\fB&V\fR	Available vertical resolution in basic units.
5.2	\fB&a\fR	Post-line extra line-space most recently utilized \
using \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\'\fR.
-	\fB&c\fR	Number of \fIlines\fR read from current input file.
7.4	\fB&d\fR	Current vertical place in current diversion; equal to \fBnl\fR, if no diversion.
2.2	\fB&f\fR	Current font as physical quadrant (1-4).
4	\fB&h\fR	Text base-line high-water mark on current page or diversion.
6	\fB&i\fR	Current indent.
6	\fB&l\fR	Current line length.
4	\fB&n\fR	Length of text portion on previous output line.
3	\fB&o\fR	Current page offset.
3	\fB&p\fR	Current page length.
2.3	\fB&s\fR	Current point size.
7.5	\fB&t\fR	Distance to the next trap.
4.1	\fB&u\fR	Equal to 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode.
5.1	\fB&v\fR	Current vertical line spacing.
11.2	\fB&w\fR	Width of previous character.
-	\fB&x\fR	Reserved version-dependent register.
-	\fB&y\fR	Reserved version-dependent register.
7.4	\fB&z\fR	Name of current diversion.
.TE
.in0
.fi