m1

unix v7是最后一个广泛发布的研究型UNIX版本

Ignored in \*(NR.
.bt
\fB&cs\|\fIF\|N\|M\fR	off	-	P	Constant character space
(width) mode is
set on for font \fIF\fR (if mounted); the width of every character will be
taken to be \fIN\fR\(sl36 ems.
If \fIM\fR is absent,
the em is that of the character's point size;
if \fIM\fR is given,
the em is \fIM\fR-points.
All affected characters
are centered in this space, including those with an actual width
larger than this space.
Special Font characters occurring while the current font
is \fIF\fR are also so treated.
If \fIN\fR is absent, the mode is turned off.
The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed.
Ignored in \*(NR.
.bt
\fB&bd\fI|F|N\fR	off	-	P	The characters in font \fIF\fR will be artificially
emboldened by printing each one twice, separated by \fIN\fR\^\(mi1 basic units.
A reasonable value for \fIN\fR is 3 when the character size is in the vicinity
of 10 points.
If \fIN\fR is missing the embolden mode is turned off.
The column heads above were printed with \fB.bd|I|3\fR.
The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed.
Ignored in \*(NR.
.bt
\fB&bd|S|\fIF|N\fR	off	-	P	The characters in the Special Font
will be emboldened whenever the current font is \fIF\fR.
This manual was printed with \fB.bd\|S\|B\|3\fR.
The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed.
.bt
\fB&ft|\fIF\fR	Roman	previous	E	Font changed to
\fIF\fR.
Alternatively, imbed \fB\ef\fIF\fR.
The font name \fBP\fR is reserved to mean the previous font.
.bt
\fB&fp|\fIN|F\fR	R,I,B,S	ignored	-	Font position.
This is a statement
that a font named \fIF\fR is mounted on position \fIN\fR (1-4).
It is a fatal error if \fIF\fR is not known.
The phototypesetter has four fonts physically mounted.
Each font consists of a film strip which can be mounted on a numbered
quadrant of a wheel.
The default mounting sequence assumed by \*(TR is
R, I, B, and S on positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
.mh
Page control
.pg
Top and bottom margins are \fInot\fR automatically provided;
it is conventional to define two \fImacros\fR and to set \fItraps\fR
for them at vertical positions 0 (top) and \fI\(miN\fR (\fIN\fR from the bottom).
See \(sc7 and Tutorial Examples \(scT2.
A pseudo-page transition onto the \fIfirst\fR page occurs
either when the first \fIbreak\fR occurs or
when the first \fInon-diverted\fR text processing occurs.
Arrangements
for a trap to occur at the top of the first page
must be completed before this transition.
In the following, references to the \fIcurrent diversion\fR (\(sc7.4)
mean that the mechanism being described works during both
ordinary and diverted output (the former considered as the top diversion level).
.pg
The useable page width on the Graphic Systems phototypesetter
is about 7.54|inches,
beginning about 1\(sl27|inch from the left edge of the
8|inch wide, continuous roll paper.
The physical limitations on \*(NR output
are output-device dependent.
.h1
.bt
\fB&pl\fI|\(+-N\fR	11\|in	11\|in	\fBv\fR	Page length set to \fI\(+-N\fR.
The internal limitation is about 75|inches in \*(TR and
about 136|inches in \*(NR.
The current page length is available in the \fB.p\fR register.
.bt
\fB&bp\fI|\(+-N\fR	\fIN\(eq\fR1	-	B*,\fBv\fR	Begin page.
.fn
.xx
*The use of "\ \fB\'\fR\ " as control character (instead of "\fB.\fR")
suppresses the break function.
.ef
The current page is ejected and a new page is begun.
If \fI\(+-N\fR is given, the new page number will be \fI\(+-N\fR.
Also see request \fBns\fR.
.bt
\fB&pn\fI|\(+-N\fR	\fIN\fR\(eq1	ignored	-	Page number.
The next page (when it occurs) will have the page number \fI\(+-N\fR.
A \fBpn\fR must occur before the initial pseudo-page transition
to effect the page number of the first page.
The current page number is in the \fB%\fR register.
.bt
\fB&po\fI|\(+-N\fR	0;|26\(sl27\|in\(dg	previous	\fBv\fR	Page offset.
.fn
.xx
\(dgValues separated by ";" are for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively.
.ef
The current \fIleft margin\fR is set to \fI\(+-N\fR.
The \*(TR initial value provides about 1|inch of paper margin
including the physical typesetter margin of 1\(sl27|inch.
In \*(TR the maximum (line-length)+(page-offset) is about 7.54 inches.
See \(sc6.
The current page offset is available in the \fB.o\fR register.
.bt
\fB&ne\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1\|\fIV\fR	D,\fBv\fR	Need \fIN\fR vertical space.
If the distance, \fID\fR, to the next trap position (see \(sc7.5) is less than \fIN\fR,
a forward vertical space of size \fID\fR occurs,
which will spring the trap.
If there are no remaining
traps on the page,
\fID\fR is the distance to the bottom of the page.
If \fID\|<\|V\fR, another line could still be output
and spring the trap.
In a diversion, \fID\fR is the distance to the \fIdiversion trap\fR, if any,
or is very large.
.bt
\fB&mk\fI|R\fR	none	internal	D	Mark the \fIcurrent\fR vertical place
in an internal register (both associated with the current diversion level),
or in register \fIR\fR, if given.
See \fBrt\fR request.
.bt
\fB&rt\fI|\(+-N\fR	none	internal	D,\fBv\fR	Return \fIupward only\fR to a marked vertical place
in the current diversion.
If \fI\(+-N\fR (w.r.t. current place) is given,
the place is \fI\(+-N\fR from the top of the page or diversion
or, if \fIN\fR is absent, to a
place marked by a previous \fBmk\fR.
Note that the \fBsp\fR request (\(sc5.3) may be used
in all cases instead of \fBrt\fR
by spacing to the absolute place stored in a explicit register;
e.|g. using the sequence \fB.mk|\fIR\fR ... \fB.sp|~\|\en\fIR\fBu\fR.
.mh
Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering
.sc
Filling and adjusting.
Normally,
words are collected from input text lines
and assembled into a output text line
until some word doesn't fit.
An attempt is then made
the hyphenate the word in effort to assemble a part
of it into the output line.
The spaces between the words on the output line
are then increased to spread out the line
to the current \fIline length\fR
minus any current \fIindent\fR.
A \fIword\fR is any string of characters delimited by
the \fIspace\fR character or the beginning/end of the input line.
Any adjacent pair of words that must be kept together
(neither split across output lines nor spread apart
in the adjustment process)
can be tied together by separating them with the
\fIunpaddable space\fR character
"\fB\e\ \ \fR" (backslash-space).
The adjusted word spacings are uniform in \*(TR
and the minimum interword spacing can be controlled
with the \fBss\fR request (\(sc2).
In \*(NR, they are normally nonuniform because of
quantization to character-size spaces;
however,
the command line option \fB\-e\fR causes uniform
spacing with full output device resolution.
Filling, adjustment, and hyphenation (\(sc13) can all be
prevented or controlled.
The \fItext length\fR on the last line output is available in the \fB.n\fR register,
and text base-line position on the page for this line is in the \fBnl\fR register.
The text base-line high-water mark (lowest place) on the current page is in
the \fB.h\fR register.
.pg
An input text line ending with \fB.\fR\^, \fB?\fR, or \fB!\fR is taken
to be the end of a \fIsentence\fR, and an additional space character is
automatically provided during filling.
Multiple inter-word space characters found in the input are retained,
except for trailing spaces;
initial spaces also cause a \fIbreak\fR.
.pg
When filling is in effect, a \fB\ep\fR may be imbedded or attached to a word to
cause a \fIbreak\fR at the \fIend\fR of the word and have the resulting output
line \fIspread out\fR to fill the current line length.
.pg
.tr &&
A text input line that happens to begin
with a control character can
be made to not look like a control line
by prefacing it with
the non-printing, zero-width filler character \fB\e&\fR.
Still another way is to specify output translation of some
convenient character into the control character
using \fBtr\fR (\(sc10.5).
.tr &.
.sc
Interrupted text.
The copying of a input line in \fInofill\f (non-fill) mode can be \fIinterrupted\fR
by terminating
the partial line with a \fB\ec\fR.
The \fInext\fR encountered input text line will be considered to be a continuation
of the same line of input text.
Similarly,
a word within \fIfilled\fR text may be interrupted by terminating the
word (and line) with \fB\ec\fR;
the next encountered text will be taken as a continuation of the
interrupted word.
If the intervening control lines cause a break,
any partial line will be forced out along with any partial word.
.h1
.bt
\fB&br\fR	-	-	B	Break.
The filling of the line currently
being collected is stopped and
the line is output without adjustment.
Text lines beginning with space characters
and empty text lines (blank lines) also cause a break.
.bt
.lg0
\fB&fi\fR	\(fill|on	-	B,E	Fill subsequent output lines.
.lg
The register \fB.u\fR is 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode.
.bt
\fB&nf\fR	fill|on	-	B,E	Nofill.
Subsequent output lines are \fIneither\fR filled \fInor\fR adjusted.
Input text lines are copied directly to output lines
\fIwithout regard\fR for the current line length.
.bt
\fB&ad\fI|c\fR	adj,both	adjust	E	\
Line adjustment is begun.
If fill mode is not on, adjustment will be deferred until
fill mode is back on.
If the type indicator \fIc\fR is present,
the adjustment type is changed as shown in the following table.
.TS
center box;
c|c
c|l.
Indicator	Adjust Type
_
\fBl\fR	adjust left margin only
\fBr\fR	adjust right margin only
\fBc\fR	center
\fBb\fR or \fBn\fR	adjust both margins
absent	unchanged
.TE
.bt
\fB&na\fR	adjust	-	E	Noadjust.
Adjustment is turned off;
the right margin will be ragged.
The adjustment type for \fBad\fR is not changed.
Output line filling still occurs if fill mode is on.
.bt
\fB&ce\fI|N\fR	off	\fIN\fR\(eq1	B,E	Center the next \fIN\fR input text lines
within the current (line-length minus indent).
If \fIN\fR\(eq\^0, any residual count is cleared.
A break occurs after each of the \fIN\fR input lines.
If the input line is too long,
it will be left adjusted.
.mh
Vertical Spacing
.sc
Base-line spacing.
The vertical spacing \fI(V)\fR between the base-lines of successive
output lines can be set
using the \fBvs\fR request
with a resolution of 1\(sl144\|inch\|\(eq\|1\(sl2|point
in \*(TR,
and to the output device resolution in \*(NR.
\fIV\fR must be large enough to accommodate the character sizes
on the affected output lines.
For the common type sizes (9-12 points),
usual typesetting practice is to set \fIV\fR to 2\ points greater than the
point size;
\*(TR default is 10-point type on a 12-point spacing
(as in this document).
The current \fIV\fR is available in the \fB.v\fR register.
Multiple-\fIV\|\fR line separation (e.\|g. double spacing) may be requested
with \fBls\fR.
.sc
Extra line-space.
If a word contains a vertically tall construct requiring
the output line containing it to have extra vertical space
before and\(slor after it,
the \fIextra-line-space\fR function \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR
can be imbedded in or attached to that word.
In this and other functions having a pair of delimiters around
their parameter (here \fB\'\fR\|),
the delimiter choice is arbitrary,
except that it can't look like the continuation of a number expression for \fIN\fR.
If \fIN\fR is negative,
the output line containing the word will
be preceded by \fIN\fR extra vertical space;
if \fIN\fR is positive,
the output line containing the word
will be followed by \fIN\fR extra vertical space.
If successive requests for extra space apply to the same line,
the maximum values are used.
The most recently utilized post-line extra line-space is available in the \fB.a\fR register.
.sc
Blocks of vertical space.
A block of vertical space is ordinarily requested using \fBsp\fR,
which honors the \fIno-space\fR mode and which does
not space \fIpast\fR a trap.
A contiguous block of vertical space may be reserved using \fBsv\fR.
.h1
.bt
\fB&vs\fI\|N\fR	1\(sl6in;12pts	previous	E,\fBp\fR	Set vertical base-line spacing size \fIV\fR.
Transient \fIextra\fR vertical space available with \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR (see above).
.bt
\fB&ls\fI\|N\fR	\fIN\(eq\^\fR1	previous	E	\fILine\fR spacing
set to \fI\(+-N\fR.
\fIN\(mi\fR1 \fIV\fR\^s \fI(blank lines)\fR are
appended to each output text line.
Appended blank lines are omitted, if the text or previous appended blank line reached a trap position.
.bt
\fB&sp\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\fR\(eq1\fIV\fR	B,\fBv\fR	Space vertically in \fIeither\fR direction.
If \fIN\fR is negative, the motion is \fIbackward\fR (upward)
and is limited to the distance to the top of the page.
Forward (downward) motion is truncated to the distance to the
nearest trap.
If the no-space mode is on,
no spacing occurs (see \fBns\fR, and \fBrs\fR below).
.bt
\fB&sv\fI|N\fR	-	\fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR	\fBv\fR	Save a contiguous vertical block of size \fIN\fR.
If the distance to the next trap is greater
than \fIN\fR, \fIN\fR vertical space is output.
No-space mode has \fIno\fR effect.
If this distance is less than \fIN\fR,
no vertical space is immediately output,
but \fIN\fR is remembered for later output (see \fBos\fR).
Subsequent \fBsv\fR requests will overwrite any still remembered \fIN\fR.
.bt
\fB&os\fR	-	-	-	Output saved vertical space.
No-space mode has \fIno\fR effect.
Used to finally output a block of vertical space requested
by an earlier \fBsv\fR request.
.bt
\fB&ns\fR	space	-	D	No-space mode turned on.
When on, the no-space mode inhibits \fBsp\fR requests and
\fBbp\fR requests \fIwithout\fR a next page number.
The no-space mode is turned off when a line of
output occurs, or with \fBrs\fR.
.bt
\fB&rs\fR	space	-	D	Restore spacing.
The no-space mode is turned off.
.bt
Blank|text|line.	-	B	Causes a break and
output of a blank line exactly like \fBsp|1\fR.