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<P>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E5" >Open Systems</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E8" >What Is an Open System?</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E6" >Network Architectures</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E9" >Local Area Networks</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E1" >The Bus Network</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E2" >The Ring Network</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E3" >The Hub Network</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E10" >Wide Area Networks</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E7" >Layers</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E11" >The Application Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E12" >The Presentation Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E13" >The Session Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E14" >The Transport Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E15" >The Network Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E16" >The Data Link Layer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E17" >The Physical Layer</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E8" >Terminology and Notations</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E18" >Packets</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E19" >Subsystems</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E20" >Entities</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E21" >N Notation</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E22" >N-Functions</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E23" >N-Facilities</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E24" >Services</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E25" >Making Sense of the Jargon</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E26" >Queues and Connections</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E9" >Standards</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E27" >Setting Standards</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E28" >Internet Standards</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E10" >Protocols</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E29" >Breaking Data Apart</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E30" >Protocol Headers</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E11" >Summary</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E12" >Q&A</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E13" >Quiz</A></LI></UL></UL></UL>
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<A ID="E66E1" NAME="E66E1"></A>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>— 1 —</B>
<BR><B>Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>
<BR>
<P>Today I start looking at the subject of TCP/IP by covering some background information you will need to put TCP/IP in perspective, and to understand why the TCP/IP protocols were designed the way they are. This chapter covers some important information, including the following:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>What an open system is
<BR></LI>
<BR>
<LI>How an open system handles networking
<BR></LI>
<BR>
<LI>Why standards are required
<BR></LI>
<BR>
<LI>How standards for protocols like TCP/IP are developed
<BR></LI>
<BR>
<LI>What a protocol is
<BR></LI>
<BR>
<LI>The OSI protocols
<BR></LI>
<BR>
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