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<tbody><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="25"> 当前位置：> <a class="nowplace" href="http://www.chinaitpower.com/System/index.html">操作系统</a> > <a class="nowplace" href="http://www.chinaitpower.com/System/unix/index.html">Unix高级技术</a> </td></tr>
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<td align="center"><b>[转贴]Makefile解读</b>
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作者:<font color="#0e3e92">未知</font>
时间:<font color="#0e3e92">2005-09-13 18:55</font>
出处:<font color="#0e3e92">ChinaUnix.net</font>
责编:<font color="#0e3e92">chinaitpower</font>
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<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="25"> 摘要：[转贴]Makefile解读</td></tr>
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原文出自：http://www.linuxforum.net
<br>作者：jkl
<br>
<br>==========================================
<br>Makefile 初探
<br>==========================================
<br>Linux的内核配置文件有两个，一个是隐含的.config文件，嵌入到主Makefile中；另一个是
include/linux/autoconf.h，嵌入到各个c源文件中，它们由make config、make
menuconfig、make xconfig这些过程创建。几乎所有的源文件都会通过linux/config.h而嵌入
autoconf.h，如果按照通常方法建立文件依赖关系(.depend)，只要更新过autoconf.h，就会造成所有源代码的重新编绎。
<br>
<br>为了优化make过程，减少不必要的重新编绎，Linux开发了专用的mkdep工具，用它来取代gcc来生成.depend文件。mkdep在
处理源文件时，忽略linux/config.h这样的头文件，识别源文件宏指令中具有＂CONFIG_＂特征的行。例如，如果有
＂#ifdef CONFIG_SMP＂这样的行，它就会在.depend文件中输出$(wildcard
/usr/src/linux/include/config/smp.h)。
<br>
<br>include/config/下的文件是另一个工具split-include从autoconf.h中生成，它利用autoconf.h中的
CONFIG_标记，生成与mkdep相对应的文件。例如，如果autoconf.h中有＂#undef CONFIG_SMP＂这一行，它就
生成include/config/smp.h文件，内容为＂#undef CONFIG_SMP＂。这些文件名只在.depend文件中出
现，内核源文件是不会嵌入它们的。每配置一次内核，运行split-include一次。split-include会检查旧的子文件的内容，确定是不是
要更新它们。这样，不管autoconf.h修改日期如何，只要其配置不变，make就不会重新编绎内核。
<br>
<br>如果系统的编绎选项发生了变化，Linux也能进行增量编绎。为了做到这一点，make每编绎一个源文件时生成一个flags文件。例如编绎
sched.c时，会在相同的目录下生成隐含的.sched.o.flags文件。它是Makefile的一个片断，当make进入某个子目录编绎时，会
搜索其中的flags文件，将它们嵌入到Makefile中。这些flags代码测试当前的编绎选项与原来的是不是相同，如果相同，就将自已对应的目标文
件加入FILES_FLAGS_UP_TO_DATE列表，然后，系统从编绎对象表中删除它们，得到FILES_FLAGS_CHANGED列表，最后，
将它们设为目标进行更新。
<br>
<br>下一步准备逐步深入的剖析Makefile代码。
<br>
<br>==========================================
<br>Makefile解读之二: sub-make
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