200603091447335.html

软件工程的红包书

<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Servlet是Java平台上的CGI技术。Servlet在服务器端运行，动态地生成Web页面。与传统的CGI和许多其它类似CGI的技术相比，Java Servlet具有更高的效率并更容易使用。对于Servlet，重复的请求不会导致同一程序的多次转载，它是依靠<a href="200603091754305.html" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603091754305.html" target="_new">线程</a>的方式来支持并发访问的。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JSP</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JSP(Java Server Page)是一种实现普通静态HTML和动态页面输出混合编码的技术。从这一点来看，非常类似Microsoft ASP、<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241503425.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241503425.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241503425.html" target="_new">PHP</a>等技术。借助形式上的内容和外观表现的分离，Web页面制作的任务可以比较方便地划分给页面设计人员和程序员，并方便地通过JSP来合成。在运行时态，JSP将会被首先转换成Servlet，并以Servlet的形态编译运行，因此它的效率和功能与Servlet相比没有差别，一样具有很高的效率。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· EJB</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EJB定义了一组可重用的组件：Enterprise Beans。开发人员可以利用这些组件，像搭积木一样建立分布式应用。在装配组件时，所有的Enterprise Beans都需要配置到EJB服务器(一般的Weblogic、WebSphere等<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200606221217315.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200606221217315.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200606221217315.html" target="_new">J2EE应用服务器</a>都是EJB服务器)中。EJB服务器作为容器和低层平台的桥梁管理着EJB容器，并向该容器提供访问系统服务的能力。所有的EJB实例都运行在EJB容器中。EJB容器提供了系统级的服务，控制了EJB的生命周期。EJB容器为它的开发人员代管了诸如安全性、远程连接、生命周期管理及事务管理等技术环节，简化了商业逻辑的开发。EJB中定义了三种Enterprise Beans：</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>◆ Session Beans</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>◆ Entity Beans</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>◆ Message-driven Beans</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JDBC</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JDBC(Java <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231244235.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231244235.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231244235.html" target="_new">Database</a> Connectivity，<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241247155.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241247155.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241247155.html" target="_new">Java数据库连接</a>)API是一个标准<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604022014515.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604022014515.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604022014515.html" target="_new">SQL</a>(<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241049435.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241049435.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241049435.html" target="_new">Structured Query Language</a>，结构化查询语言)数据库访问接口，它使数据库开发人员能够用标准Java API编写数据库应用程序。JDBC API主要用来连接数据库和直接调用SQL命令执行各种SQL语句。利用JDBC API可以执行一般的SQL语句、动态SQL语句及带IN和OUT参数的存储过程。Java中的JDBC相当与Microsoft平台中的<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604151956245.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604151956245.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604151956245.html" target="_new">ODBC</a>(<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241248475.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241248475.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241248475.html" target="_new">Open Database Connectivity</a>)。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JMS</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JMS(<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261607125.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261607125.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261607125.html" target="_new">Java Message Service</a>，<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261600355.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261600355.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261600355.html" target="_new">Java消息服务</a>)是一组Java应用接口，它提供创建、发送、接收、读取消息的服务。JMS API定义了一组公共的应用程序接口和相应语法，使得Java应用能够和各种消息中间件进行通信，这些消息中间件包括IBM MQ-Series、Microsoft MSMQ及纯Java的SonicMQ。通过使用JMS API，开发人员无需掌握不同消息产品的使用方法，也可以使用统一的JMS API来操纵各种消息中间件。通过使用JMS，能够最大限度地提升消息应用的可移植性。 JMS既支持点对点的消息通信，也支持发布/订阅式的消息通信。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JNDI</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 由于J2EE应用程序组件一般分布在不同的机器上，所以需要一种机制以便于组件客户使用者查找和引用组件及资源。在J2EE体系中，使用JNDI(Java Naming and Directory Interface)定位各种对象，这些对象包括EJB、数据库驱动、JDBC数据源及消息连接等。JNDI API为应用程序提供了一个统一的接口来完成标准的目录操作，如通过对象属性来查找和定位该对象。由于JNDI是独立于目录协议的，应用还可以使用JNDI访问各种特定的目录服务，如LDAP、NDS和DNS等。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JTA</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JTA(Java Transaction API)提供了J2EE中处理事务的标准接口，它支持事务的开始、回滚和提交。同时在一般的J2EE平台上，总提供一个JTS(Java Transaction Service)作为标准的事务处理服务，开发人员可以使用JTA来使用JTS。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JCA</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JCA(J2EE Connector <a href="200604241327575.html" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241327575.html" target="_new">Architecture</a>)是J2EE体系架构的一部分，为开发人员提供了一套连接各种企业信息系统(EIS，包括ERP、<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231327195.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231327195.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604231327195.html" target="_new">SCM</a>、CRM等)的体系架构，对于EIS开发商而言，它们只需要开发一套基于JCA的EIS连接适配器，开发人员就能够在任何的J2EE应用服务器中连接并使用它。基于JCA的连接适配器的实现，需要涉及J2EE中的事务管理、安全管理及连接管理等服务组件。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261751455.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261751455.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604261751455.html" target="_new">JMX</a></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JMX(<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604262159065.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604262159065.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604262159065.html" target="_new">Java Management Extensions</a>)的前身是JMAPI。JMX致力于解决分布式<a href="200604022111095.html" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604022111095.html" target="_new">系统管理</a>的问题。JMX是一种<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604111116455.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604111116455.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604111116455.html" target="_new">应用编程接口</a>、可扩展对象和方法的集合体，可以跨越各种异构操作系统平台、系统体系结构和网络传输协议，开发无缝集成的面向系统、网络和服务的管理应用。JMX是一个完整的网络管理应用程序开发环境，它同时提供了厂商需要收集的完整的特性清单、可生成资源清单表格、图形化的用户接口；访问SNMP的网络API；主机间<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241405415.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241405415.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200604241405415.html" target="_new">远程过程调用</a>；数据库访问方法等。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JAAS</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JAAS(Java Authentication and Authorization Service)实现了一个Java版本的标准Pluggable Authentication Module(PAM)的框架。JAAS可用来进行用户身份的鉴定，从而能够可靠并安全地确定谁在执行Java代码。同时JAAS还能通过对用户进行授权，实现基于用户的访问控制。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· <a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200605111438435.html  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200605111438435.html'" tppabs="http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200605111438435.html" target="_new">JAC</a>C</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JACC(Java Authorization Service Provider Contract for Containers)在J2EE应用服务器和特定的授权认证服务器之间定义了一个连接的协约，以便将各种授权认证服务器插入到J2EE产品中去。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>· JAX-RPC</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Verdana>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 通过使用JAX-RPC(Java API for XML-based RPC)，已有的Java类或Java应用都能够被重新包装，并以Web Services的形式发布。JAX-RPC提供了将RPC参数(in/out)编码和解码的API，使开发人员可以方便地使用SOAP消息来完成RPC调用。同样，对于那些使用EJB(Enterprise JavaBeans)的商业应用而言，同样可以使用JAX-RPC来包装成Web服务，而这个Web Servoce的WSDL界面是与原先的EJB的方法是对应一致的。JAX-RPC为用户包装了Web服务的部署和实现，对Web服务的开发人员而言，SOAP/WSDL变得透明，这有利于加速Web服务的开发周期。</FONT></P>