user_guide.html

TTYLINUX迷你代码 TTYLINUX迷你代码

distribution installed on it.

<p>
The inidividual binary packages that were used to create the filesystem
image are also available for download. You may want to download them if
you use the package manager to remove a package from your ttylinux
system and later need to reinstall it.

<p>
You can also download source code packages, including a build system
that you can use to build a binary ttylinux package yourself. The
build system package includes a <tt>README</tt> file that describes the
process.

<p>

<h2><a name="SECTION00033000000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">3</span> Booting the CD-ROM version</a>
</h2>

<p>
To boot ttylinux from CD-ROM, simply burn the downloaded ISO
image onto a blank disc. Then reboot your computer with the
new disc inserted into your CD-ROM drive. ttylinux should
boot up automatically. Note that your computer's BIOS setup
may not be set up to allow booting from CD-ROM discs. In that
case you need to go into the BIOS setup screen(s) and change
that.

<p>
Once ttylinux has booted up, you will be see a login prompt.
You can use the user name "root" (the administrator account)
and password "root" for logging in. Read the rest of this
user guide for pointers about what you can do with the
system.

<p>

<h2><a name="SECTION00034000000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span> Installing from CD-ROM</a>
</h2>

<p>
WARNING: Running the installer can easily destroy all operating
system installations currently present on the target machine. 
Proceed with caution and backup all important data before
installing ttylinux! This is no drill.

<p>
To install ttylinux onto hard disk from the bootable CD-ROM,
you first need to burn the ISO image onto a blank CD-ROM disc
and boot into it as described in the previous section.

<p>
Once logged in as the "root" user, you can start the installation.
You need to know three things to run the installer: what your
CD-ROM device is, onto which hard disk partition you want to
install ttylinux, and where you want to put the boot loader.

<p>
If you don't know the answers to those three questions
after reading the following instructions, the safe bet would
be <b>not</b> to proceed with installation - sorry, the ttylinux
installer isn't yet automated or user-friendly enough for you.

<p>

<h3><a name="SECTION00034100000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span>.<span class="arabic">1</span> Source CD-ROM device</a>
</h3>

<p>
The name of your CD-ROM device depends on how the drive is
hooked up to your IDE or SATA controller. If your system uses
IDE, the following device names are possible:

<p>
<div align="CENTER">
<table cellpadding=3 border="1">
<tr><td align="LEFT">Device name</td>
<td align="LEFT">Description</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hda</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Master device on first IDE controller</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hdb</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Slave device on first IDE controller</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hdc</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Master device on second IDE controller</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hdd</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Slave device on second IDE controller</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

<p>
Among the above, <tt>/dev/hda</tt> is very unlikely to be your
CD-ROM device (this is normally the device name of your hard disk).
A more likely possibility is <tt>/dev/hdc</tt>.

<p>
If your system uses SATA (Serial ATA), use this table:

<p>
<div align="CENTER">
<table cellpadding=3 border="1">
<tr><td align="LEFT">Device name</td>
<td align="LEFT">Description</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/scd0</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">First SATA CD-ROM device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/scd1</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Second SATA CD-ROM device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/scd2</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Third SATA CD-ROM device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/scd3</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Fourth SATA CD-ROM device</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

<p>
Most of the time, your SATA CD-ROM device will be
<tt>/dev/scd0</tt>.

<p>

<h3><a name="SECTION00034200000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span>.<span class="arabic">2</span> Target partition device</a>
</h3>

<p>
You need to find out the device name for the hard disk
partition you want to install ttylinux on. The device names for
partitions are formed by appending numbers to the device name
of the corresponding hard disk. For example, if your hard disk
device is <tt>/dev/hda</tt>, the device <tt>/dev/hda3</tt> is the
third partition on that hard disk. Numbers 1-4 are the primary
partition, extended partitions start at 5.

<p>
Due to the combined space requirements of the 4 MB ttylinux
filesystem and the 2 MB default kernel, the minimum partition
size you can install ttylinux on and have it work is about
7-8 MB.

<p>
IDE hard disks use the same device names as given for IDE
CD-ROM devices above. For SATA, the names are as follows:

<p>
<div align="CENTER">
<table cellpadding=3 border="1">
<tr><td align="LEFT">Device name</td>
<td align="LEFT">Description</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sda</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">First SATA hard disk device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sdb</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Second SATA hard disk device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sdc</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Third SATA hard disk device</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sdd</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Fourth SATA hard disk device</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

<p>
Note that if you want to create a dual-boot setup with
Windows and ttylinux on the same hard-disk later (a topic not
covered here), you can't use <tt>/dev/hda1</tt> or
<tt>/dev/sda1</tt> as your target partition because that is
where Windows needs to be installed to work.

<p>
Here are some examples of possible device names for your
target partition:

<p>
<div align="CENTER">
<table cellpadding=3 border="1">
<tr><td align="LEFT">Device name</td>
<td align="LEFT">Description</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hda1</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">First primary partition on primary IDE master</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/hdb5</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">First extended partition on primary IDE slave</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sda2</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Second primary partition on first SATA hard disk</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>/dev/sdc6</tt></td>
<td align="LEFT">Second extended partition on third SATA hard disk</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

<p>
Note that depending on the BIOS, it might not be possible to boot
from anything but the first two hard disks installed in the
system.

<p>
What to do if your target disk is not partitioned yet? ttylinux
includes the <tt>fdisk</tt> program that can be used to partition
hard disks. For example, to partition a hard disk connected
as master to the first IDE controller, use:

<p>
<pre>
  fdisk /dev/hda
</pre>

<p>
The user interface of <tt>fdisk</tt> is somewhat primitive, so be
careful. If you haven't used it before, a good idea would be
to search the Internet for instructions. The basic commands
you may need are "d" to delete a partition, "n" to create a
new partition, "p" to print the current partition table, and
"w" to write the edited partition table to disk. You can also
use "q" to exit <tt>fdisk</tt> without saving your changes.

<p>

<h3><a name="SECTION00034300000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span>.<span class="arabic">3</span> Boot loader location</a>
</h3>

<p>
You can install the LILO boot loader in one of two places: either
into the master boot record (MBR) of the hard disk you are installing
to or into the boot sector of the partition you are installing to.

<p>
With LILO installed in the MBR of your first hard disk, it will take
over the boot process of your computer completely. If you have other
operating systems installed on the computer, you will need to add
them to the LILO configuration file (<tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt>) in
ttylinux to be able to boot into them.

<p>
With LILO installed in the boot sector of the target partition
or in the MBR of a hard disk other than the first one in your
computer, you will need to have another boot loader installed in
the MBR of your first hard disk. You have to add the MBR or
boot sector where the ttylinux LILO is installed to the setup
of that boot loader in order to be able to boot ttylinux.

<p>

<h3><a name="SECTION00034400000000000000">
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span> Running the installer</a>
</h3>

<p>
Once you have decided on target device and boot loader location,
you can run the installer. The script is called <tt>installer</tt>
and can be invoked as follows (the square brackets indicate
an optional parameter):

<p>
<pre>
  installer [mbr] source-device target-device
</pre>

<p>
For example, to install from the CD-ROM device <tt>/dev/hdc</tt>
onto the partition <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>, placing LILO into the MBR
of the <tt>/dev/hda</tt> hard disk, you would use:

<p>
<pre>
  installer mbr /dev/hdc /dev/hda2
</pre>

<p>
Another example, installing from the second SATA CD-ROM
device <tt>/dev/scd1</tt> onto the third partition of the second
SATA hard disk, placing LILO in the boot sector of the
target partition:

<p>
<pre>
  installer /dev/scd1 /dev/sdb3
</pre>

<p>
The installer will check if your source device contains a
ttylinux CD-ROM before proceeeding. If the CD-ROM is found,
a summary of what is going to be installed where is printed
and you are given a last chance of aborting the whole
install. Enter "yes" to continue the installation or anything
else to abort.

<p>
The installer creates an ext2 filesystem on the target
partition, then copies the distribution files onto the
new filesystem, and finally installs the LILO bootloader.

<p>
Once the installer is finished, it prints out a success
message. At this point you can remove the CD-ROM from your
computer and reboot.

<p>

<h2><a name="SECTION00035000000000000000"></a>
<a name="customize"></a>
<br>
<span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">5</span> Customization
</h2>

<p>
The following instructions are mainly useful for installing
ttylinux by hand, but the configuration files and options
described here are also present in a ttylinux system
installed from the bootable CD-ROM.

<p>
Before you go about installing ttylinux, you may want to change a
few settings inside the image file to fit your own system. This is
done by uncompressing and mounting the image and then making the
appropriate changes. If the image is in the current working directory,
do the following as the <tt>root</tt> user:

<p>
<pre>
  gunzip rootfs.gz
  mkdir mnt
  mount -o loop rootfs mnt
</pre>

<p>
Now the ttylinux filesystem is mounted on the directory <tt>mnt</tt>. Take a
look at it if you wish. If you want to install ttylinux to a hard
disk by hand, you can now create an installation archive for that
purpose as follows:

<p>
<pre>
  cd mnt
  tar cvzf ../ttylinux-hd.tar.gz .
  cd ..
</pre>

<p>
After this, you have a file called <tt>ttylinux-hd.tar.gz</tt> that can be
unpacked onto any filesystem you like.

<p>
The things you will probably want to customize on ttylinux are the
keyboard map and timezone in use and the Internet provider settings.
You can copy over the keyboard and timezone setting from your working
system as follows:

<p>
<pre>
  mnt/bin/dumpkmap &gt; mnt/etc/i18n/keymap.dat
  cat /etc/localtime &gt; mnt/etc/localtime
</pre>

<p>
To set up the dial information for an Internet provider, you need to
know the following:

<p>

<ul>
<li>the device your modem is connected to, i.e. <tt>/dev/ttyS1</tt>
</li>
<li>the init string for your modem, i.e. <tt>ATZ</tt>
</li>
<li>the speed your modem can talk to the computer, i.e. <tt>115200</tt>
</li>
<li>the phone number of your ISP, i.e. <tt>1-800-LETMEIN</tt>
</li>
<li>your user name at the ISP, i.e. <tt>joeuser</tt>
</li>
<li>your password at the ISP, i.e. <tt>joepass</tt>
</li>