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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.71)original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan* with significant contributions from: Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others --><html><head><title>ttylinux User GuideVersion 5.1</title><meta name="description" content="ttylinux user GuideVersion 5.1"><meta name="keywords" content="temp"><meta name="resource-type" content="document"><meta name="distribution" content="global"><meta name="Generator" content="LaTeX2HTML v2002-2-1"><meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"><link rel="STYLESHEET" href="temp.css"></head><body ><p><h1 align="CENTER">ttylinux User Guide<br>Version 5.1</h1><div class="author_info"><p align="CENTER"><strong>Pascal Schmidt</strong></p></div><p><br><h2><a name="SECTION00010000000000000000">Contents</a></h2><!--Table of Contents--><ul class="TofC"><li><a name="tex2html32" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00020000000000000000">1 Introduction</a><ul><li><a name="tex2html33" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00021000000000000000">1.1 What is ttylinux?</a><li><a name="tex2html34" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00022000000000000000">1.2 What is ttylinux not?</a><li><a name="tex2html35" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00023000000000000000">1.3 Who is ttylinux aimed at?</a><li><a name="tex2html36" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00024000000000000000">1.4 License</a></ul><br><li><a name="tex2html37" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00030000000000000000">2 Installation guide</a><ul><li><a name="tex2html38" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00031000000000000000">2.1 Requirements</a><li><a name="tex2html39" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00032000000000000000">2.2 Download</a><li><a name="tex2html40" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00033000000000000000">2.3 Booting the CD-ROM version</a><li><a name="tex2html41" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00034000000000000000">2.4 Installing from CD-ROM</a><li><a name="tex2html42" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00035000000000000000">2.5 Customization</a><li><a name="tex2html43" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00036000000000000000">2.6 Installation by hand</a></ul><br><li><a name="tex2html44" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00040000000000000000">3 System guide</a><ul><li><a name="tex2html45" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00041000000000000000">3.1 Basic Features</a><li><a name="tex2html46" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00042000000000000000">3.2 Bootup and Shutdown</a><li><a name="tex2html47" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00043000000000000000">3.3 Using PPP dialup</a><li><a name="tex2html48" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00044000000000000000">3.4 Using the dropbear SSH package</a><li><a name="tex2html49" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00045000000000000000">3.5 Setting up network devices</a><li><a name="tex2html50" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00046000000000000000">3.6 Using the firewall</a><li><a name="tex2html51" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00047000000000000000">3.7 Shell environment</a><li><a name="tex2html52" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00048000000000000000">3.8 Package Management</a><li><a name="tex2html53" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00049000000000000000">3.9 Using devfs (no longer supported)</a></ul><br><li><a name="tex2html54" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00050000000000000000">4 Contact</a><li><a name="tex2html55" href="user_guide.html#SECTION00060000000000000000">A. How to create a bootable ttylinux CD</a></ul><!--End of Table of Contents--><p><h1><a name="SECTION00020000000000000000"><span class="arabic">1</span> Introduction</a></h1><p>This section gives an overview on ttylinux. What is it, who can useit, why it is there.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00021000000000000000"><span class="arabic">1</span>.<span class="arabic">1</span> What is ttylinux?</a></h2><p>ttylinux is a minimalistic Linux distribution. It can be installedby hand or by using the bootable CD version that includes aninstaller script. For a custom installation by hand, another Linuxsystem already up and running is needed.<p>ttylinux aims to put as much as possible into as little space aspossible. It provides multi-tasking, multi-user, and networkingcapabilities within less than 4 megabytes of operating system size.<p>The main use that ttylinux comes prepared for is dialing into anInternet provider by modem or ISDN. A text mode web browser ispresent.<p>A package management script capable of installing and removingbinary software packages is included. This makes it possible toadapt ttylinux to specific needs.<p>ttylinux can be installed onto hard disk, CD-ROM, or any other mediayou can boot from. With a custom made bootable CD-ROM, as littleas 2.88 MB of space are enough. The basic filesystem (excludingthe kernel) is 4 MB in size. If you use the installer providedby the bootable CD-ROM version of ttylinux, a kernel image ofa little under 2 MB will also be installed. This makes the minimumworkable size for a hard disk partition to install ttylinux onaround 7-8 MB.<p>You can also use ttylinux as a basis for putting together a morecomplete minimal system. ttylinux uses the same C library as fullLinux systems, so compiling programs on another Linux machine andcopying them over to the ttylinux filesystem should result in workingprograms.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00022000000000000000"><span class="arabic">1</span>.<span class="arabic">2</span> What is ttylinux not?</a></h2><p>ttylinux is not as complete a Linux distribution as others,mostly due to the limited size. It does not contain developertools or a graphical user interface (GUI), for example.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00023000000000000000"><span class="arabic">1</span>.<span class="arabic">3</span> Who is ttylinux aimed at?</a></h2><p>As ttylinux can be used on machines which are considered obsolete bynow, such as 386SX class PCs, it is aimed at people who want to havea minimalistic Linux distribution to run when little space isavailable.<p>ttylinux is aimed at people who already have some Linux experience.There is no big user manual describing how to use the system, so abit of Unix or Linux experience is very useful when trying to usethe system. Most of the programs present are smaller versions of commonUnix utilities, and documentation on those can be found in various placeson the Internet.<p>ttylinux can fit into an Eltorito image useful for bootable CD-ROMs. Itcould be used for installation discs or rescue systems on CD. ttylinuxprovides a working Linux environment from the boot image, and thena script could mount the rest of the CD to provide a full system.<p>Note: ttylinux is really not aimed at Linux beginners. Knowledgeabout how to compile a kernel (the basic ttylinux filesystem comeswithout a precompiled kernel to allow maximum flexibility, thoughthe CD-ROM version provides a precompiled kernel) and find yourway around a Linux system in general is assumed.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00024000000000000000"><span class="arabic">1</span>.<span class="arabic">4</span> License</a></h2><p>The software packages that are part of ttylinux are licensed under anumber of different open source licenses, as listed below. The scriptsthat hold the distribution together are licensed under the GNU GeneralPublic License. A copy is included in the file <tt>COPYING</tt>.<p><div align="CENTER"><table cellpadding=3 border="1"><tr><td align="LEFT">Package</td><td align="LEFT">Version</td><td align="LEFT">License</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>bash</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>3.1.17</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>busybox</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>1.2.1</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>dhcpcd</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>1.3.22-pl4</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>dropbear</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>0.48.1</tt></td><td align="LEFT">MIT</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>e2fsprogs</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>1.38</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>e3</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>2.7.0</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>glibc</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>2.3.6</tt></td><td align="LEFT">LGPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>iptables</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>1.3.4</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>isdn4k-utils</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>3.2p1</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>lilo</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>22.7.3</tt></td><td align="LEFT">BSD</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>ncurses</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>5.5</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>ppp</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>2.4.4</tt></td><td align="LEFT">BSD</td></tr><tr><td align="LEFT"><tt>retawq</tt></td><td align="LEFT"><tt>0.2.5c</tt></td><td align="LEFT">GPL</td></tr></table></div><p>For more information on any of the licenses, please visitthe <tt>opensource.org</tt> website.<p><h1><a name="SECTION00030000000000000000"><span class="arabic">2</span> Installation guide</a></h1><p>This section describes the requirements of ttylinux, where to downloadit, and how to customize and install it.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00031000000000000000"><span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">1</span> Requirements</a></h2><p>The ttylinux distribution requires at least a 386SX processor. Howmuch memory is needed depends on how you want to run the system.Running the system from ramdisk will need about 10-12 MB of memory,depending on the exact kernel version used.<p>The bootable CD-ROM version uses a fairly large kernel imageto support a broad range of hardware. It also loads the wholesystem into a ramdisk. This means the bootable CD-ROM versionneeds about 12-14 MB of memory to run.<p>Once the system is installed onto hard disk, the memory requirementis reduced to about 8-10 MB of memory. This is when using thedefault kernel as installed by the CD-ROM installer. Thisrequirement can be reduced further by installing a custom kernelby hand. With a minimal 2.4.x kernel configuration, for example,ttylinux can be made to run within 5-6 MB of memory.<p><h3><a name="SECTION00031100000000000000"><span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">1</span>.<span class="arabic">1</span> Custom kernel requirements</a></h3><p>If you install ttylinux by hand, not using the bootable CD-ROM,what you get is a 4 MB ext2 filesystem image that contains onlythe distribution files. You will need to add a Linux kernelto this to make a complete system.<p>The kernel you use will obviously need to support all the hardwareyou want to use, plus some additional requirements for ttylinuxitself. The kernel used for running ttylinux needs to have ramdisksupport, initial ramdisk support, and a default ramdisk size of atleast 4096. Note that the stock kernel configuration will use aramdisk size of 4096, which is enough. If you want to use the basicfirewall script of ttylinux, your kernel also needs iptables support.<p>If you want to use the telnet server in ttylinux, your kernel willneed to have Unix98 pseudo terminal support and support for the <tt>devpts</tt> filesystem.<p>ttylinux is basically designed to work with any kernel from 2.4.4upwards. You might be able to run the system with a 2.2.x kernel,but this is neither officially supported nor tested. Thettylinux firewall script definitiely won't work with a 2.2.x kernel.<p>The Linux kernel on the system that is used to install ttylinux needsto have support for the <tt>ext2</tt> filesystem and loopback device. If thereis no loopback support, you cannot customize ttylinux for yoursystem. No problem if the defaults suit you perfectly, but that is rather unlikely.<p>For the default installation process describes below, it is alsorequired that the system used to install ttylinux is based on <tt>glibc</tt>,also known as <tt>libc6</tt>. The customization process requires youto run a program from ttylinux at one point that is linked against<tt>glibc</tt>.<p>This may all sound like a lot of requirements for the preparationsystem, but almost any half-recent Linux distribution with itsdefault kernel will do.<p><h2><a name="SECTION00032000000000000000"><span class="arabic">2</span>.<span class="arabic">2</span> Download</a></h2><p>You can download ttylinux from the official homepage, which at themoment is at <tt>http://www.minimalinux.org/ttylinux/</tt>.<p>Go to the downloads page and get the ISO image version if you want to burn ttylinux onto a bootable CD-ROM. This versionof ttylinux can be booted on any PC that can boot from a CD-ROMdrive. You can use it as a rescue system or for trying outttylinux. You can also use the installer script to installthe system onto hard disk after booting from the CD-ROM.<p>If you want to install by hand, you can find a binary tarball ofthe distribution on the downloads page. Grab this. Inside thearchive you will find this user guide and a file called<tt>rootfs.gz</tt>, which is the compressed filesystem image forttylinux itself. It contains an <tt>ext2</tt> filesystem with the⌨️ 快捷键说明
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