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<td><font face="Verdana, sans-serif" size="-1"><a href="/developerWorks/cn/index.shtml">developerWorks 中国网站</a> : 
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<img alt="备份与恢复" src="imagemaster/masthead.jpg"></td><td width="*" valign="bottom" align="right"><a border="0" href="db2cert7016.zip"><img alt="下载 ZIP 文件" border="0" src="../i/icon-zip.gif"></a><a target="_blank" href="../tutorial_eng/index.html" border="0"><img alt="英文原文" border="0" src="../i/icon-source.gif"></a>
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<a name="navskip"></a><td height="25" colspan="4"><img alt="4.数据库和表空间备份" src="imagemaster/titlebar4.jpg" border="0" height="25" width="562"></td>
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<td width="90%"><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><b>数据库备份</b></font></td><td width="200" align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><nobr>   第 2 页（共6 页）</nobr></font></td>
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<font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>
<i>数据库备份</i>是数据库的完整副本。除了数据外，备份副本还会包含有关表空间、容器、数据库配置、日志控制文件以及恢复历史记录文件的信息。注：备份将不存储数据库管理器配置文件或注册表变量。只备份数据库配置文件。</p>
<p>
要执行备份，需要 SYSADM、SYSCTRL 或 SYSMAINT 权限。
</p>
<p>下面是用于这种备份的 <code>BACKUP</code> 命令实用程序的语法：</p>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
BACKUP DATABASE database-alias [USER username [USING password]]
      [TABLESPACE (tblspace-name [ {,tblspace-name} ... ])] [ONLINE]
      [INCREMENTAL [DELTA]] [USE {TSM | XBSA} [OPEN num-sess SESSIONS]] |
   TO dir/dev [ {,dir/dev} ... ] | LOAD lib-name [OPEN num-sess SESSIONS]]
      [WITH num-buff BUFFERS] [BUFFER buffer-size] [PARALLELISM n]
      [WITHOUT PROMPTING]
</code>
</pre>
<p>
						让我们来看一些示例，以了解其中一些选项是如何工作的。
					</p>
<p>要执行数据库&ldquo;sample&rdquo;的完全脱机备份并将备份副本存储到目录 <code>d:\mybackups</code>，请使用以下命令：
</p>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
BACKUP DATABASE sample 
  TO d:\mybackups
</code>
</pre>
<p>要使用其它备份选项来执行数据库&ldquo;sample&rdquo;的完全脱机备份，可以使用以下命令：</p>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
(1) BACKUP DATABASE sample                      
(2)   TO /db2backup/dir1, /db2backup/dir2     
(3)   WITH 4 BUFFERS                          
(4)   BUFFER 4096                             
(5)   PARALLELISM 2                           
</code>
</pre>
<p>
						让我们更仔细地研究该命令：
					</p>
<ol>
						
<li>指明要备份的数据库的名称（或别名）。</li>
						
<li>指定用来存储备份的一个或多个位置。</li>
						
<li>确定在备份操作期间可以使用内存中的多少缓冲区。使用多个缓冲区可以改善性能。</li>
						
<li>确定每个缓冲区的大小。</li>
						
<li>确定使用多少个介质阅读器／记录器进程／线程来执行备份。</li>
					
</ol>
<p>注：语法中没有关键字 <code>OFFLINE</code>，因为这是缺省方式。要执行 sample 数据库的完全<i>联机</i>备份，必须指定关键字 <code>ONLINE</code>，如下所示：</p>
<pre>
<code style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 12">
BACKUP DATABASE sample                   
  ONLINE                               
  TO /dev/rdir1, /dev/rdir2            
</code>
</pre>
<p>我们先前提到过：联机备份允许其他用户在备份数据库时对它进行访问。这些用户所做的一些更改很可能在备份时没有存储在备份副本中。
因此，恢复时需要联机备份和一组完整的归档日志。此外，联机备份一完成，DB2 就强制当前的活动日志关闭；结果，将归档该日志。
</p>
<p>
注：联机备份要求为数据库启用归档日志记录。
</p>
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